Download Lesson 2.1 Continental Drift

*Refer to Chapter 3 in your Textbook
Bellringer:
9/10/15
List 3 ways you think the ocean has changed over
time (use things like more/less, bigger/smaller…)
Reminder:
 ALL Unit 1 make-up & late work must be turned
in by next Thursday, 9/17!
Learning Goals:
1. I can explain evidence for the Theory of Plate
Tectonics.
2. I can differentiate between the 3 plate
boundaries.
3. I can explain how the ocean was formed.
4. I can identify smaller divisions of the ocean.
Theory of Continental Drift:
 = the movement of the continents across the ocean bed
 Edward Suess (Late 1800’s)
 Gondwanaland: South America, Africa, Antarctica,
Australia, & India
 Alfred Wegener (1915)
 Laurasia: North America, Europe, & Asia
 Pangea: combined Gondwanaland with added Laurasia
Theory of Continental Drift
Convection
 H. Hess (1960’s)
 Convection: force that makes magma in Earth’s mantle
move, due to heating and cooling
 Cool- sinks toward core
 Heat- rises toward upper mantle/crust
Theory of Plate Tectonics
 = Lithospheric/Tectonic plates move across the
asthenosphere
 Lithosphere: crust & upper mantle, rigid
 Asthenosphere: part of the lower mantle, viscous
Lithospheric Plates
Theory of Plate Tectonics
 Types of Plate Boundaries:
 Convergent: oceanic-to-continental crust come
together


Old crust is submerged into the mantle and destroyed
Form: Trenches
 Divergent: oceanic-to-oceanic crust move apart


New crust is formed via sea floor spreading
Form: Mid-ocean ridges
 Transform: oceanic-to-oceanic crust scrape past each
other in opposite directions

Form: Faults & Cliffs
Types of Plate Boundaries
Formation of the Ocean
 Tethys Ocean:
 Between Gondwanaland and Laurasia
 Closed when India moved into Asia
 Panthalassic Ocean:
 Huge ocean surrounding Pangea
 Became the Pacific
 Atlantic Ocean:
 Formed when North America separated from Eurasia
 Indian Ocean:
 Formed when Gondwanaland broke apart
Formation of the Ocean
MYAM
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Today’s Ocean
 We have one world ocean broken into 5 artificial
components
 Pacific
 Atlantic
 Indian
 Arctic
 Southern/
Antarctic
Smaller Divisions of the Ocean
 Sea: a smaller body of salt water that is almost
completely surrounded by land
 Example: Mediterranean Sea
 Gulf: a smaller body of salt water that is partially
surrounded by land
 Example: Gulf of Mexico
 Estuary: inlet area where salt water meets fresh water
 Example: St. Lucie Estuary
 Lagoon: body of water composed of brackish water- a
mixture of salt & fresh
 Example: Indian River Lagoon