Download Methods used to control the spread of infection

Methods used to
control the spread of
infection
2.02 Understand infection control procedures
Methods used to control the spread of infection
Handwashing
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Vaccinations

Way to control the spread of
microorganisms
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Vaccinations

Administration of a foreign
antigen to produce immunity
to a disease.

Most effective and least
expensive method to prevent
disease
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Vaccinations

Injected pathogen may be live,
weakened, killed or inactivated

Administered to stimulate the
immune response
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Vaccinations

May be given after disease exposure or
after the disease was contracted

Given by injection or orally
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Antisepsis

Disinfection

Sterilization
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Asepsis
-absence of pathogens

Aseptic technique
-aka- “Clean technique”
“Clean to clean, dirty to dirty”
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Antisepsis
– Stops the growth or spread of pathogenis
– Not effective against spores or viruses
– Safe to be used on skin
– Examples- Alcohol & Betadine
- Handwashing before surgery
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Disinfection
– Destroys pathogenic organisms that are
already present
– Not always effective against spores or viruses
– Used on objects & equipment (IV poles) &
floors
– Examples-Chemicals & Clorox bleach
– Not used on skin
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Sterilization
– Destroys all microorganisms, pathogens &
non-pathogens
– Destroys spores and viruses
– Used on objects & instruments
(scalpels, forceps)
– Examples-Autoclave, chemicals
– not used on skin
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Aseptic Control

Antisepsis

Disinfection

Sterilization
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Precautions
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
 Used

on ALL patients
Includes:
– Hand washing
– Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
 Gloves
 Gowns
 Masks and eye
protection
–
–
–
–
–
Needle stick safety
Sharps
Spills and splashes
Resuscitation devices
Waste and linen
disposal
– Injuries
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
 Used
on ALL patients
 Assumes all blood & body fluid
of ANY patient is potentially
infectious
 Use of PPE when there is a risk
of contact
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Hand
washing
Handrubs
–Before?
–After?
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions

Personal protection equipment (PPE)
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Gloves
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Gowns
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Masks
and eye protection
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Needlestick
safety
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Sharps
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Spills
and splashes
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Resuscitation
devices
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Waste
and linen disposal
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
Injuries
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
 Used

on ALL patients
Includes:
– Hand washing
– Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
 Gloves
 Gowns
 Masks and eye
protection
–
–
–
–
–
Needle stick safety
Sharps
Spills and splashes
Resuscitation devices
Waste and linen
disposal
– Injuries
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Applies to all occupational exposure of
blood or other potentially infectious
material.
 Blood = human blood, blood components,
blood products
 Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing
organisms in blood (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV)

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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
In an emergency when you cannot
identify body fluids or tell whether they
contain blood, treat all body fluids as
potentially infectious.
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Tuberculosis Standard

OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally
transmitted/acquired TB

Requires FIT tested and training in the use
of specific respiratory PPE

PPD skin test annually
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
Standard Precautions PLUS
Transmission-based Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Contact
Precautions
Droplet
Precautions
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Transmission based precautions
– Additional precautions used with patients
infected with pathogens that are spread via:
 airborne transmission
 droplet transmission
 direct contact
– Requires isolation
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Airborne precautions
– Patient pathogens are transmitted by airborne
droplets
– Specific PPEs fitted mask
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Contact precautions
– Patient pathogens are able to
be spread by direct or indirect
contact
– Specific PPEs
 gloves
 gowns
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Droplet precautions
– Used when large-particle droplets are
expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking or
laughing
– Specific PPEs mask if working within
3 feet of patient
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Protective
or reverse precautions
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procedures
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
Standard Precautions PLUS
Transmission-based Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Contact
Precautions
Droplet
Precautions
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procedures
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2.02
Understand infection
control procedures
The End
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procedures
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