Download Igneous Rocks

Warmup
 What are the two types of data that can be taken
from observations?
 Describe the scale on a map. (How does it work?
How would you create a scale?)
Mapping Lab
 Create a map of our outdoor study site. You will be
working with a partner (one other person).
 Be sure to include:
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Name(s), period, date
Title of the map
Scale
Interesting features of the area (you decide which to include)
Key/legend for symbols
 You will be graded on originality, detail/accuracy,
and neatness.
Rocks
What is a Rock?
 Any solid mass of
mineral or mineral-like
matter that occurs
naturally as part of our
planet
 3 types
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Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
The Rock
Cycle
 Interactions
among Earth’s
water, air, land,
and living things
can cause rocks to
change from one
type to another
 A continuous
process
Igneous Rocks
 Forms when lava or
magma hardens
 Lava

Molten rock on the
surface of the Earth
 Magma
 Molten rock beneath
Earth’s surface
Igneous Rocks are formed by
 Cooling
 Crystallization
Formation of
Igneous Rocks
 Intrusive Igneous
Rock: forms
when magma
hardens beneath
Earth’s surface

Ex: Granite
 Extrusive Igneous
Rock: forms
when lava hardens
on the surface of
the Earth

Ex: Rhyolite
Classification of Igneous Rocks
 Texture and
composition are two
characteristics used
to classify igneous
rocks
What is a Sedimentary
Rock?
 Forms when existing
rocks are broken down
into sediment then
compacted and cemented
together
 Processes

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Cementing
Compaction
Formation of
Sedimentary Rocks
Weathering: Any process
that break rocks into sediments
 Erosion : The removal of

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weathered rocks
Deposition: when an agent of
erosion (water, wind, ice, or
gravity) loses energy, it drops the
sediment
Compaction: is a process that
squeezes or compacts sediments
together
Cementation: takes place when
dissolved minerals are deposited
in the tiny spaces among the
sediments
What is a
Metamorphic Rock
 Form when
existing rocks are
changed by heat
and pressure
 Metamorphism:
means “change
form”
Agents of
Metamorphism
 Heat: provides the energy needed to drive chemical
reactions which causes existing minerals to
recrystallize
 Pressure: applied in all directions on a rock which
causes spaces between mineral grains to close
 Hydrothermal Solutions: hot, water based solutions
that promote recrystallization by dissolving original
minerals and then depositing new ones
Classification of
Metamorphic Rocks
 Classified by texture and
composition
 Foliated

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Rock with layered or banded
appearance
Ex: Gneiss
 Nonfoliated
 No layered or banded
appearance
 Contains only one mineral
 Ex: Marble