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Chapter 2 Section 2 Climate Weather vs. Climate What is the difference between Weather & Climate? Weather & Climate Weather Weather – unpredictable changes in the air that take place over a short period of time Example – When you get up in the morning you might wonder what the weather is like. Climate Climate – usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time. Example – You may wonder what the climate is like in Ireland during the summer time! Climate The Sun and Climate What is original source of climate? ____________ Climate is also caused by the earth’s angle toward the sun. The Sun and Climate Think back to chapter 1 section 2 The Earth in Space. What can you tell me about the way the sun hits the earth, and how that determines the climate? Answer The sun hits the middle of the earth (equator at a more direct angle) Remember the earth is on a 23 ½ degree angle The poles get the least amount of direct sun. Question What two things cause the earth to have varying climates? Answer Earth’s tilt Earth’s revolution The Winds Effect on Climate Wind – Movement of air. Wind moves in all types of directions – North and South – East and West – Also Up and Down Warm air __________, Cold air ___________? Winds Monsoons – tremendous season winds that blow over continents for months at a time. Found mostly in Asia and some parts of Africa. Can be very destructive however, the summer monsoons in Asia bring needed rain. Monsoons Storms Thunderstorms – When warm air and cold air meet. Why do places such as Florida get more thunderstorms? What other storms can occur from a thunderstorm? Thunderstorms Lightning Storms Tornadoes storms. Tornado - Funnel shape wind winds can often get to speed of ___________ or higher. Tornado Storms Hurricanes - Form over the ___________ ocean during the late summer and early fall. High winds, rough seas, and drenching rains. Hit in North America, and the Caribbean. Hurricanes Storms Typhoons - Type of hurricane that rips through areas in Asia. They produce damaging winds, and heavy rains. Typhoon El Nino and La Nina El Nino (the boy) – Cold winds from the East are weak. Without these cold winds, the central Pacific becomes warmer Warmer air means more____________ which causes more clouds to form. The thick unusual clouds cause wind patterns to change, which causes a change in weather patterns. El Nino and La Nina El Nino occurs in the central Pacific. They occur about every _________ years. La Nina (the girl) – Western Pacific. The winds from the east are very strong and they cause thick clouds disrupting weather patterns. El Nino & La Nina Ocean Currents Currents – carry cold and warm water through the world’s ocean Currents affect the climate of the land masses. There are warm currents and cold currents. Polar currents usually flow toward the equator and tropical currents usually flow toward the Poles. Currents Currents affect the climate because the wind will blow the warm or cold air from the currents to different parts of land. Currents Ocean Currents & Climate Critical Thinking Looking at the previous map, which parts of the world would be affected by the Gulf Stream? Landforms and Climate As we know, __________ and ___________ affect climate, but landforms also affect climate. Local Winds – patterns of wind caused by landforms in a particular region. Did You Know Land warms more quickly than water, and also cools more quickly!! Question: Would coastal areas be warmer or colder during the day? Landforms and Climate Mountains and climate – Mountains block a lot of winds and therefore have a great affect on the climate of a place. Air warmed by the sun rises toward the top of a mountain during the day, and then at night the cool air lowers to the valleys below. Mountains, Temperature, and Rainfall Higher the elevation = ____________ temperature. Tropics can even have snow capped mountains. Why? When Warm air is pushed in toward mountainous land, the warm air needs to go up and over the mountains. As the air rises it _________, which causes snow, or rain to fall. Mountains, Temperature, and Rainfall Windward (wind- facing) side of a mountain is often moist and foggy. Rain shadow – a dry area on the side of a mountain that is facing away from the wind. This side is often dry and cool. (Western Coast of the U.S) Leeward Side – After the rain shadow when the air is moving down the mountain it loses moisture and gets dry and desert like. People on Climate People create pollutants that affect the climate. Greenhouse Effect – buildup of gases from pollutants created by humans. This buildup prevents warm air from rising and escaping into the atmosphere which causes the overall temperature of the earth to rise. People on Climate Rain Forests – Along the equator, dense forests that are home to thousands of species of plants and animals. Effects of Cutting Down the Rain Forests Upsets the Water cycle Extinction of thousands of species of animals and plants Burning is putting poisonous pollutants into the air.
