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HUMAN ANATOMY
VOLUME II
LOWER LIMB
First edition
HABIB TRIAA
Professor of Anatomy
Monastir Faculty of Medecine
Tunisia
EDITIONS ADAM
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BOOKS OF HUMAN ANATOMY
BY PROFESSOR HABIB TRIAA
VOLUME I : UPPER LIMB : 2014
VOLUME II : LOWER LIMB : 2014
VOLUME III : BODY WALLS : 2014
VOLUME IV : CONTENTS OF THORAX : 2014
VOLUME V : ABDOMINOPELVIC DIGESTIVE SYSTEM : 2014
VOLUME VI : RETROPERITONEAL SPACE AND TRUE PELVIS : 2014
VOLUME VII : HEAD AND NECK : 2014
VOLUME VIII : CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : 2014
Our deep thanks go to:
Maurice LAUDE: Emiritus Professor of Anatomy, and Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Medicine
Of Amiens, FRANCE. Spiritual Father of French Contemporary Anatomy.
Daniel LE GARS: Professor of Anatomy, Head of Department of Neurosurgery and Dean of the
Faculty of Medicine of Amiens, FRANCE.
Legal deposit: October 2014 – ISBN : 978-9938-893-05-2
All rights reserved worldwide. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopiers or scanners or other electronic devices, nor used
by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for
private use.
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PREFACE
Professor Habib TRIAA was trained by us during two successive years (1989 - 1990). He showed
an outstanding willingness to learn but also to transmit knowledge about anatomy in the best and proper
way.
After two decades, he published six volumes of excellent quality on the descriptive and
topographic Anatomy of the: Upper Limb; Lower Limb; Body Walls; Contents of Thorax;
Abdominopelvic Digestive System; Retroperitoneal Space and True Pelvis.
The osteoarticular and muscular components, as well as the viscera of the trunk and their trophic
peduncles, are described with precision and simplicity.
The drawings are clear and colorful for easy reading.
The latin names are used wisely. They must be accepted and used nowadays by all physicians.
5000 additional questions in separate volumes (Short Answer Questions; MCQ; Synthetic
Questions) help students to practice for the exam.
The textbooks are compiled for a didactic purpose. There are no – and for a good reason - photos of
dissections and, therefore, no introduction to surgical techniques.
For students of medical and paramedical disciplines, they are excellent foundations to approach a
subject as difficult and complex as Anatomy.
Professor Maurice LAUDE
Emeritus Professor of Anatomy
Honorary Dean of the Faculty of
Medicine of Amiens – FRANCE
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PREFACE
The diversity of the modern books of Anatomy, inspires doctors that this science has reached
the highest degree of perfection and that there is nothing more to add on this discipline and that it
would be difficult to find « something new » in Anatomy; but Science is a field whose boundaries
recede gradually as we advance. «Science is an ever unfinished monument».
Anatomy remains a difficult discipline to be remembered because it is easily forgotten. It
requires periodic reviews, a prodigious memory and a high intelligence in interpretation.
The theoretical approach of the chapters draws the attention by its descriptive and
topographic quality and refinement, disposing Anatomy from all ambiguities. It is enriched with
anatomical drawings of outstanding quality, coming with very explicit captions, confirming the
talent, expertise and the thoroughness of the author.
The exam practise questions (MCQ; Short Answer Questions and Synthetic Questions) presented in
other volumes, make it easier for students to prepare for exams and make the study of Anatomy more
understandable, more pleasant and very useful.
The anatomical language used in these books is exclusively based on the formal latin nomenclature,
adapted to the English Language.
To learn Anatomy, we suggest that students reproduce the schemas many times without
giving too much importance to the three-dimensional effects but with full respect of color chart.
We hope that these books enrich the knowledge of Anatomy and contribute to educating and
stimulating student’s enthusiasm for a subject that constitutes the basic science of medical and paramedical
studies and the foundations of operating techniques.
We wish these books the success they deserve, and we present our congratulations and encouragement
to the author Professor Habib TRIAA.
Professor Daniel LE GARS
Professor of Anatomy
Dean of the Faculty of Medicine
of Amiens - FRANCE
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INFERIOR LIMB
COXAL BONE
FEMUR
PATELLA
TIBIA
FIBULA
FOOT SKELETON 
COXOFEMORAL JOINT
- Articular capsule
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
- Ligament of femoral head
- Synovial membrane
- Articular mechanism
THIGH JOINT
- Lateral and medial menisci
- Articular surface of patella
- Articular capsule
- Tibial collateral ligament
- Fibular collateral ligament
- Anterior and posterior cruciate liagements
- Anterior fibrous plane
- Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
- Tendon of quadriceps femoris
- Intermediate patellar ligament
- Posterior fibrous plane
- Oblique popliteal ligament
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
- Synovial membrane
- Articulair mechanism
TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
- Proximal tibiofibular joint
- Distal tibiofibular joint
- Interosseous membrane of leg
FOOT JOINTS
* Talocrural joint
- Medial collateral joint or deltoid ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Fibulotalocalcaneal ligament
- Anterior ligament
- Articular mechanism
* Intertarsal joints
- Talocalcaneal joints
- Cuboideonavicular joint
- Cuneonavicular joints
- Intercuneal joints
‑ Cuneocuboidial joint
- Transverse tarsal joint
- Talonavicular joint
- Calcaneocuboid joint
* Tarsometatarsal joint
* Intermetatarsal joints
* Metatarsophalangeal joints
* Interphalangeal joints
ANTERIOR REGION OF HIP
- Iliopsoas muscle
*Psoas major muscle
* Psoas minor muscle
* Iliac muscle
- Lumbar plexus
- Iliohypogastric nerve
- Ilioingunal nerve
- Cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Genitofemoral nerve
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- External iliac artery
- Inferior epigastric artery
- Deep circumflex iliac artery
- External iliac vein
- Inguinal arch
- Femoral ring
GLUTEAL REGION
- Gluteus minimus muscle
- Piriformis muscle
- Obturator internus muscle
- Gemellus muscles
- Obturator externus muscle
- Femoral quadratus muscle
- Gluteus medius muscle
- Gluteus maximus muscle
- Superior gluteal artery
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Internal pudendal artery
- Superior gluteal vein
- Inferior gluteal vein
- Pudendal nerve
- Obturator vein
- Sacral plexus
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Nerve to piriformis muscle
- Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles
- Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris muscles
- Sciatic nerve
- Pudendal nerve
- Inferior rectal nerve
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THIGH
- Perforating branch of fibular artery
- Anterior tibial veins
- Common fibular nerve
- Deep fibular nerve
- Superficial fibular nerve
* Anterior region of thigh
- Quadriceps femoris muscle
- Sartorius muscle
- Tensor fasciae latae muscle
- Adductor magnus muscle
- Adductor brevis muscle
- Pectineus muscle
- Adductor longus muscle
- Gracilis muscle
- Femoral artery
- Superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
- Deep femoral artery
- Medial circumflex femoral artery
- Lateral circumflex femoral artery
- Perforating arteries
- Descending artery of knee
- Femoral vein
- Deep femoral vein
- Femoral nerve
- Intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Nerve to quadriceps
- Saphenous nerve
- Genitofemoral nerve
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Obturator nerve
- Great saphenous vein
- Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
* Posterior region of leg and popliteal fossa
- Popliteus muscle
- Tibialis posterior muscle
- Flexor digitorum longus muscle
- Flexor hallucis longus muscle
- Triceps surae muscle
- Plantaris muscle
- Popliteal artery
- Posterior tibial artery
- Fibular artery
- Posterior tibial veins
- Fibular veins
- Popliteal vein
- Common fibular nerve
- Tibial nerve
- Great saphenous vein
- Small saphenous vein
FOOT
* Dorsal region of foot
- Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
- Tendons of extensor muscles of foot
- Dorsalis pedis artery
- Dorsal veins of foot
- Deep fibular nerve
- Superficial fibular nerve
- Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
* Posterior region of thigh
* Plantar region of foot
- Semimembranosus muscle
- Semitendinosus muscle
- Biceps femoris muscle
- Sciatic nerve
- Tibial nerve
- Common fibular nerve
- Dorsal interosseous muscles
- Plantar interosseous muscles
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon
- Quadratus plantae muscle
- Lombrical muscles
‑ Flexor digitorum brevis muscle
- Flexor hallucis brevis muscle
- Adductor hallucis muscle
- Abductor hallucis muscle
- Flexor hallucis longus tendon
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle
- Opponens digiti minimi muscle
- Abductor digiti minimi muscle
‑ Lateral plantar artery
- Medial plantar artery
- Plantar veins
‑ Medial plantar nerve
- Lateral plantar nerve
LEG
* Anterolateral aspect of leg
- Extensor retinaculum
- Fibular retinaculum
- Flexor retinaculum
- Tibialis anterior muscle
- Extensor hallucis longus muscle
- Extensor digitorum longus muscle
- Fibularis tertius muscle
- Fibularis brevis muscle
- Fibularis longus muscle
- Anterior tibial artery
- Anterior tibial recurrent artery
- Posterior tibial recurrent artery
- Anterior medial malleolar artery
- Anterior lateral malleolar artery
SYNTHETIC STUDY OF MUSCLES
SYNTHETIC STUDY OF NERVES
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