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ANSWER KEY
Skills Worksheet
Directed Reading 6.1
Section: Rocks and the Rock Cycle
_____ 1. The solid part of Earth is made up of material called
a. glacial ice.
b. lava.
c. rock.
d. wood.
_____ 2. Rock can be a collection of one or more minerals, or it might be made of
a. inorganic matter.
b. solid organic matter.
c. liquid organic matter.
d. chemicals.
_____ 3. Which of the following can rock sometimes be made of?
a. brick
b. mineral matter that is not crystalline
c. inorganic matter
d. plastic
_____ 4. Scientists who study the processes that form and change rock are called
a. geologists.
b. paleontologists.
c. botanists.
d. zoologists.
THREE MAJOR TYPES OF ROCKS
_____ 5. The word igneous comes from a Latin term that means
a. “from fire.”
b. “from wind.”
c. “from rock.”
d. “from fossils.”
_____ 6. How do rocks get broken down into small fragments?
a. by freezing
b. by erosion
c. by deposition
d. by crystallization
ANSWER KEY
Directed Reading continued
_____ 7. Which of the following does NOT change the form of existing rock?
a. extreme pressure
b. extreme heat
c. a chemical process
d. light
_____ 8. The word metamorphic means
a. “changed from.”
b. “to become.”
c. “changed form.”
d. “to form.”
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term
or phrase.
_____ 9. igneous rock
_____ 10. sedimentary rock
_____ 11. lava
_____ 12. metamorphic
rock
_____ 13. magma
_____ 14. sediment
THE ROCK CYCLE
a. rock that forms when existing rock is
altered
b. molten rock
c. rock that forms when molten rock cools
and hardens
d. rock that forms when rock fragments
are compressed and cemented together
e. molten rock that is exposed at Earth’s
surface
f. rocks, mineral crystals, and organic
matter that have been broken into
fragments
15. Define rock cycle.
_______________________________________________________________
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16. When a body of ______________________ rock is exposed at Earth’s surface,
a number of processes break the rock down into sediment.
17. When bits and pieces of rock are compacted or cemented, the bits and pieces
become ______________________ rocks.
18. If sedimentary rocks are subjected to changes in temperature and pressure, the
rocks may become ______________________ rocks.
19. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, metamorphic rock will melt
and form ______________________.
ANSWER KEY
Directed Reading continued
20. If magma cools, it turns into new ______________________ rock.
21. A particular body of rock does not always pass through each stage of the
______________________.
PROPERTIES OF ROCKS
22. How are the physical and chemical properties of rock determined?
_______________________________________________________________
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23. What do the physical characteristics of a rock reflect?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
24. What does the chemical stability of the minerals in the rock determine?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
25. The way that minerals and rocks form is related to the
______________________ of the rock.
26. What did N.L. Bowen learn when he first began studying how minerals
crystallize from magma?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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27. Define Bowen’s reaction series.
_______________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
Directed Reading continued
28. According to Bowen’s hypothesis, what are the two ways that minerals form?
_______________________________________________________________
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29. The rate at which a mineral chemically breaks down is dependent on the
______________________ of the mineral.
30. The chemical stability of minerals is dependent on the strength of the
______________________ between atoms in the mineral.
31. What two factors determine rocks’ natural zones of weakness?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
32. Both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks tend to break in
______________________.
33. When rock formed under intense ______________________ is uplifted to
Earth’s surface, decreased pressure allows the joints and fractures to open.
34. Once weaknesses are exposed to air, the processes of physical and chemical
______________________begin.