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Human Body
Systems
BioEd Online
Levels of Organization in the Body
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Cells
Tissues
 Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Organs
 Examples include stomach, liver, heart
Organ Systems
 Examples include digestive and circulatory systems
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Tissues in the Human Body
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Epithelial
 Covering or lining tissue
Connective
 Joins, stores and supports
Blood
Muscle
 Internal and external movement
Nerve
 Conducts electrical signals
Muscle
Nerve
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Human Organ Systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Reproductive
Nervous
Endocrine
Integumentary
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Human Skeletal System
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Functions
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Framework and support
Protection
Storage
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Axial and appendicular skeleton
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Bone structure
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Joints and ligaments
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Human Skeleton Diagram
Skull
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Phalanges
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Compact Bone Tissue
Haversian system
Blood vessels
Osteocyte
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Human Muscular System
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Functions
 Movement
 Warmth
 Posture
Muscle Properties
 Ability to contract
 Ability to be stretched
 Ability to respond to a stimulus
Muscle Types
 Skeletal
 Smooth
 Cardiac
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Human Muscular System Diagram
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachi
Gluteus maximus
Rectus femoris
Gastrocnemius
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Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
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Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Myosin
Actin
Sarcomere
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Human Circulatory System
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Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and
hormones and also distributes heat
Structures of circulatory system
 Heart
 Vessels
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Blood
Lymphatic system
Erythrocytes
White blood cells
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Diagram of Human Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Right atrium
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Anterior
view
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Human Immune System
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Nonspecific defense responses
 Skin and mucous membranes
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Inflammatory response
Temperature
Proteins
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White blood cells
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Specific immune responses
 Humoral immunity
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Cell-mediated immunity
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Disease Prevention in Humans
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Identifying Pathogens - Koch’s Postulates
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Vaccination - Edward Jenner
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Disorders
 Allergies
 Autoimmune disease
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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Human Respiratory System
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Respiration is gas exchange between an organism and
the environment
Respiratory structures include the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
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Mechanics of Breathing
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Respiratory Diseases
Exhalation
Inhalation
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Human Respiratory System Diagram
Nasal Passage
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchus
Alveoli
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Human Digestive System
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Digestion is the breakdown of nutrients to a level that
can be used by cells of the body.
Structures
 GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine)
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Accessory (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall
bladder, pancreas)
Nutrition
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Human Digestive System Diagram
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Villi
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Human Excretory System
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Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the
body, including toxic chemicals, excess water, carbon
dioxide and salts.
Excretory Organs
 Skin
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Lungs
Kidneys
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Human Urinary System Diagram
Nephron
Kidney
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
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Human Reproductive System
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Produces gametes (eggs and sperm)
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Fertilization – produce zygote
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Male Reproductive System
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Testes
Epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, seminal vesicle,
prostate gland, Cowper’s gland
Female Reproductive System
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Ovary
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Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
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Human Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Urethra
Seminal vesicle
Epididymus
Penis
Testis
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Human Female Reproductive System
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Anterior View
Sagittal
View
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Ovary
Vagina
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Human Endocrine System
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The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that
produce hormones.
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Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid,
parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary,
testes
Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through
the blood stream and affect activities throughout the
body.
 Steroid hormones
 Nonsteroid hormones
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Human Endocrine System Diagram
Hypothalamus and
Pituitary gland
Thymus
Adrenal gland
Thyroid and
Parathyroid glands
Pancreas
Ovary
Testis
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Human Nervous System
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Controls and coordinates functions throughout the
body
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit impulses
throughout the body.
Nervous System
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Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
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Somatic
Autonomic
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Human Neuron Diagram
Dendrite
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Node of Ranvier
Axon
terminals
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Diagram of Human Brain
Cerebrum
Corpus
callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
Spinal cord
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Human Integumentary System
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Consists of the skin, hair, and nails
Skin
 Epidermis
 Dermis
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Subcutaneous tissue
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Hair and nails
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Homeostasis:
Regulating the Internal Environment
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A controlled, stable internal environment
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Gains and losses must balance
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Control systems
 Receptor, control center, effector
 Feedback loops
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Negative feedback
Positive feedback
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