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Your Name _____________________________________________Period ______ Date __________
Forensic Science Word Study
Chapter 13 – FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY: WHAT WE LEARN FROM BONES
Directions: Study the following words by reading and rereading them each evening so you will be
prepared for the word study test each week. You may use one index card to write as many words
and definitions on as possible to use for the test. The card must written in ink, be in your
handwriting, and have your first and last name, your class period, and the chapter recorded in the
top, right corner with no obvious erasures or mark outs. ALL WORDS MUST BE NUMBERED. If all
the criteria are met, you may use your index card during the test. It will then be stapled to your test.
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anthropology - the scientific study of the origins and behavior as well as the
physical, social, and cultural development of humans.
epiphysis - the presence of a visible line that marks the place where cartilage is
being replaced by bone
forensic anthropology - the study of physical anthropology as it applies to
human skeletal remains in a legal setting; In addition to assisting in locating and
recovering human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists work to assess the
age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of a decedent from the skeleton.
joints - locations where bones meet
mitochondrial DNA - DNA found in the mitochondria that is inherited only
through mothers; located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic
cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use,
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ossification - the process that replaces soft cartilage with hard bone by the
deposition of minerals
osteobiography - the physical record of a person’s life as told by his or her
bones
osteoblast - a type of cell capable of migrating and depositing new bone
osteoclast - a bone cell involved in the breaking down of bone and the removal
of wastes
osteocyte - an osteoblast that becomes trapped in the construction of bone;
also known as a living bone cell
osteoporosis - weakening of bone, which may happen if there is not enough
calcium in the diet
skeletal trauma analysis - the investigation of bones and the marks on them
to uncover a potential cause of death
periosteum - The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones
except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons.
spongy bone or cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or
spongy bone, is one of two types of osseous tissue that form bones. The other
osseous tissue type is cortical bone also called compact bone.
compact bone or cortical bone, dense bone in which the bony matrix is
solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny
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spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells. Compact bone
makes up 80 percent of the human skeleton
bone marrow - a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood
cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality)
homeostasis - the tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of
higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response
of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal
condition or function
cartilage - a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue of a translucent
whitish or yellowish color that wraps the ends of the bones for protection and
keeps them from scraping against one another
ligaments - bands of tissue connecting two bones to form a joint. It's tough
and fibrous, which means that when it tears, a ligament can take quite a while to
heal and might even require surgery.
tendon - a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons
may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to
move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which
attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep
them stable.