Download The Cell

The Cell
Cell Theory
 All things are made up of at least one
cell
 Cells carry on life processes (RENT…)
 Come from “old” cells
Exceptions?
Where did the 1st one come
from?
Viruses aren’t cells
Cells fall into 2 categories
1. Prokaryotic- NO membranes around
organelles (nucleus, ect.)
ex. Bacteria
2. Eukaryotic- have membranes
ex. Animals, plants
Cell Structures
 Organelle- a structure inside of a cell
that is specialized to do a certain job
Organelles include:
1.Cell wall
 Found in plants only
 Made of cellulose (poly)
 Gives plants shape and structure
2. Cell Membrane (plasma)
 Separates cell parts from the
outside environment
 Controls what enters and exits
(Selectively Permeable)
 Maintains homeostasis
Look “inside” the membrane
3. Nucleus
 Control center of the cell
 Surrounded by own membrane
 Contains genetic information (DNA)
4. Cytoplasm
 Watery material inside of the cell
 Chemical reactions take place here
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
 Channels that connect different
parts inside of the cell
 Transport things
Two Types of ER
1. Rough ER- outside has ribosomes on
it
2. Smooth ER- no ribosomes on it
6. Ribosome
 Proteins are made here
 Found in two places
1. cytoplasm
2. rough ER
7. Golgi Body
 Process, package, and store
materials
 Looks like stack of pancakes
8. Lysosome
 Produce digestive enzymes
 Break down food (intracellular)
9. Vacuole
 Digestion takes place
 Combines “fuses” with lysosomes
 Sometimes pumps out extra water
(contractile)
11. Centrioles
 Only found in animal cells
 2 pair- 90 degree angles
 Help cell divide
12.Mitochondria
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Power house
Site of cellular respiration (energy)
Contains folds called cristae
Lots of mitochondria= lots of energy
13. Chloroplast
 Contain chlorophyll (green
pigment)
 Site of photosynthesis
Cell Boundaries
Cell Membrane
 Made of lipid bilayer(2) with proteins
and carbs stuck in it
 Sometimes called a fluid mosaic
model (moves like water)
 Large proteins pump things through
membrane
Pass Through Membrane
Diffusion
 Things move from high to low
concentration
 Stops when things equal out
(equilibrium)
 Does not need energy
Osmosis
 Special type of diffusion with water
Effects of Osmosis
1. Isotonic- same inside and out
(equilibrium)
2. Hypertonic- more water inside than
out (less solute inside)
3. Hypotonic- less water inside than out
(more solute inside)
Active Transport
 Things move from low to high
(opposite of diffusion)
 REQUIRES energy
Organization of Life
 (organelles) Cells tissues
organs  systems  organism
PRACTICE FINDING THE CELL
PARTS
 A Typical Animal Cell