Download a. Students receive three marks for making three points about the

1. a. Students receive three marks for making three points about the difference in the
proportion of males and females experiencing asthma across the lifespan. Data should be
used to be eligible for full marks. Examples worth three marks include:
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Around 2.5% more males experience asthma than females in the 0-14 age group.
Females experience higher rates than males in all other age groups; around 5% more
in the 45-54 age group and around 3% more in the 75 and over age group.
Around 12.5% of males experience asthma in the 0-14 age group compared to
around 9.5% of females. Females experience between around 2% and 3% greater
rates in the 15-24 to 35-44 age groups. The greatest difference occurs in the 45-54
age group where around 12.5% of females experience asthma compared to around
7.5% of males.
b. Students receive one mark for each reason they provide relating to why asthma was
selected as an NHPA (except the proportion of people experiencing it). Answers worth one
mark include:
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Asthma contributes significantly to the burden of disease.
There are significant financial costs associated with the treatment of asthma.
Around 300 people die each year from asthma.
There are significant direct, indirect and intangible costs associated with asthma.
There is potential to reduce the impact of asthma by eliminating triggers in the
community.
c. Students receive one mark for each relevant factor they identify for a total of two marks.
Answers include:
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Overweight / obesity
Genetic predisposition
Smoking
Maternal smoking
Exposure to environmental pollutants (including exposure to environmental tobacco
smoke)
Low socioeconomic status
a. Students receive three marks for making three points about their selected health
promotion program. Examples worth three marks include:
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Asthma Friendly Schools program. Asthma Friendly Schools is a program run by the
Australian Asthma Foundations. It works by encouraging schools to reduce triggers
such as pollen and dust, and ensuring that plans are in place to manage asthma attacks
effectively. It requires staff members to receive education relating to asthma prevention
and management.
The Sensitive Choice program works by assisting consumers in identifying products
that minimise the risk of triggering asthma attacks. The program works by allowing
manufacturers of approved products to display the Sensitive Choice blue butterfly logo
on packaging and advertising. The blue butterfly logo allows consumers to easily
identify and choose products and services that may carry a reduced risk of triggering
asthma symptoms.
2. a. Students receive one mark for outlining a similarity between males and females and
another mark for outlining a difference. Data must be used to be eligible for full marks.
Examples include:
Similarity
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Rates for males and females decreased each year, besides 2007-08 to 2008-09
(Males from around 63 per 100 000 to around 66 per 100 000 and females from
around 31 per 100 000 to around 32 per 100 000).
 Injury mortality rates decreased for both males and females between 1999 and 2010,
from around 77 to 62 per 100 000 for males and from around 35 to 30 per 100 000.
Difference
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The injury mortality rates for females were consistently lower than for males. In
2009-2010 for example, males rates were around 62 deaths per 100 000 compared to
around 30 per 100 000 for females.
The rate for males decreased more between 1999 and 2010 than the rate for females
did. The rate for males decreased by around 15 per 100 000 and the female rate
decreased by around 5 per 100 000.
b. Students receive one mark for identifying ‘injury prevention and control’.
c. Students receive one mark for each empty box they correctly complete. Note that each
answer should link specifically to injuries to receive a mark. Answers include:
To the individual
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Direct cost
The patient contribution for
medication to treat the pain
from the injury
The patient co-payment for
doctor’s consultations to treat
the injury.
Ambulance transport after an
accident.
To the community
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Indirect cost
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The pain caused by the injury
Frustration at having to use
crutches
Sadness at having to withdraw
from usual activities as a result
of the injury.
Medicare contribution for
doctors’ consultations to treat
the injury.
The cost of implementing
strategies such as the National
Road Safety Strategy’.
Government contributions for
medications to treat injuries.
Lost taxation revenue if the
person can’t work due to their
injury.
Social security payments if the
injured person is unable to
work for extended periods.
Lost productivity if the person
is unable to work due to their
injury.
Intangible cost
3. a. Students must briefly explain cardiovascular disease for one mark:
Cardiovascular disease relates to diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
b. Students receive one mark for each form of cardiovascular disease they identify for a
total of two marks. Examples include:
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Hypertension
Stroke (Cerebrovascular disease)
Coronary heart disease
Heart attack
Heart Failure
Peripheral vascular disease.
c. Students receive two marks for justifying the LiveLighter campaign. At least one
specific aspect of the program should be used in the justification. Answers worth two
marks include:
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The LiveLighter program assists individuals in learning about healthy eating and
physical activity which are two of the most significant risk factors for the
cardiovascular diseases that are the focus of the NHPA ‘cardiovascular health’.
Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for obesity which increases the risk of
cardiovascular diseases. The LiveLighter program includes an activity planner that
assists individuals in getting enough physical activity to reduce their risk of
cardiovascular diseases.
d. Students receive one mark for each NHPA they identify that could be addressed by the
LiveLighter program for a total of two marks. Note that no explanation is required here.
Answers are:
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Mental health
Obesity
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal conditions
Dementia
Asthma
Diabetes Mellitus
Cancer control
e. Students receive one mark for outlining a correct function of each nutrient in relation to
cardiovascular disease and another mark for identifying a major food source for each for a
total of six marks. Examples are shown below.
Nutrient
Function in relation to cardiovascular
disease
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Water
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Polyunsaturated
fat
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Carbohydrates
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Major food source
Has no energy content so can assist with
maintaining healthy body weight which
reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
As water has no energy, it can provide
feelings of fullness without adding to weight
gain. This can reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
Pure form (or tap water,
bottled water etc).
Students can choose most
foods or drinks, but should
give a specific example
such as:
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apples,
watermelon,
celery,
milk
Orange juice
Decrease low density lipoprotein which can
reduce atherosclerosis and the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
Prevent blood clots which reduces the risk of
heart attack and stroke.
Promotes the elasticity of blood vessels
which assists in reducing blood pressure.
Increases high density lipoprotein which
decreases the narrowing of the arteries and
can reduce the risk of stroke.
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Fish (or specific types
such as sardines,
salmon etc)
Soy oil
Canola oil
Margarine
Nuts
Seeds
Corn oil
Add energy to the diet. Too much
carbohydrate will be stored as fat which is a
risk factor for obesity and cardiovascular
disease.
Eating carbs in moderation can mean that
extra is not stored as fat which can reduce
the risk of cardiovascular disease.
As fibre is a type of carbohydrate, functions
of fibre can be accepted as an answer here,
provided the student specifies that they are
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Oranges
Bananas
Potatoes
Pasta
Bread
Beans
Weet-bix
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talking about fibre. For example:
Adequate fibre intake can provide feelings of
fullness which can prevent overeating,
obesity and cardiovascular disease.