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What’s the
Matter?
Electrons are
Waves and
Particles
Atoms
Isotopes
Quantum
Theory
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 All
of matter is composed of ____, the basic
unit of all chemistry.
 ATOMS
 A(n)
_______ is to chemistry as a ______is to
biology.
 ATOM…CELL
 The
comparison of the number of atoms in a
copper coin the size of a penny with the
number of people on Earth is made to
illustrate which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
That atoms are indivisible
That atoms are very small
That atoms are very large
That in a copper penny, there is one atom for
every person on Earth

THAT ATOMS ARE VERY SMALL
 The
nucleus of an atom has a ___ charge due
to the _____ (subatomic particle).
 POSITIVE…PROTON
 ____
are negatively charged subatomic
particles and are about 1/2000 the mass of a
proton or neutron.
 ELECTRONS
 What
is the lowest energy state of an atom
called?
 GROUND
STATE
 Label
each of the pieces of the wave:
B
A
C
A
D
A
– WAVELENGTH
 B – CREST
 C – AMPLITUDE
 D - TROUGH
 As
the frequency of a wave increases, the
wavelength (increases/decreases) and energy
(increases/decreases)
 DECREASES…INCREASES
A
____ is the smallest amount of energy that
can be gained or lost by an atom.
 QUANTUM
 The
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states:
 IT
IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOWN PRECISELY BOTH
THE POSITION AND THE MOMENTUM OF AN
ELECTRON
 How
many neutrons are in
16O?
8
 How
many protons, electrons, and neutrons
does an atom with atomic number 50 and
mass number 125 contain?
 50
PROTONS
 50 ELECTRONS
 75 NEUTRONS
 How
many neutrons are in the Arsenic atom?
33
As
74.9216
 75
– 33 = 42 neutrons
33
Atomic number
As
74.9216
Mass number
 What
was concluded about the structure of
the atomic nucleus as the result of the gold
foil experiment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by
positively charged particles.
A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by
mostly empty space.
A negatively charged nucleus is surrounded by
positively charged particles.
A negatively charged nucleus is surrounded by
mostly empty space.

A POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEUS IS
SURROUNDED BY MOSTLY EMPTY SPACE.
 What
does the atomic mass of an element on the
periodic table depend upon?
 MASS
OF THE ISOTOPES
 RELATIVE/PERCENT ABUNDANCE OF THE
ISOTOPES
 Isotopes
______.
of the same element have different
 NUMBER
OF NEUTRONS or MASS NUMBERS
 How
big are electrons compared to protons
and neutrons?
 Electrons
are 1/1840 the size of both protons
and neutrons.
 What
is the difference between these
isotopes?
 The
mass numbers are different.
 The first isotope has 3 neutrons, the second
isotope has 4 neutrons, and the third isotope
has 5 neutrons.
 Calculate
the atomic mass of chlorine using
the isotope data below.
(34.97 g)(76/100) + (36.97 g)(24/100) =
26.58 g + 8.87 g = 35.45 g
 What
is the difference between the atomic
mass and mass number of an element?
 THE
ATOMIC MASS IS CALCULATED WITH THE
MASS OF EACH ISOTOPE AND THE PERCENT
ABUNDANCE OF EACH ISOTOPE.
 THE MASS NUMBER IS THE NUMBER OF
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM. IT
CAN BE ROUNDED BY ATOMIC MASS.
 When
an electron moves from a lower to a
higher energy level, the electron
(absorbs/gives off) a quantum of energy.
 ABSORBS
 In
the periodic table, the principal quantum
number corresponds to the ___.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transition metals
Group number
Period number
Ground state
 C.
PERIOD NUMBER
 The
_____ quantum number indicates the
relative size and energy level, while the ____
quantum number (or sublevels) relates to the
shapes of the orbitals.

PRINCIPAL…ANGULAR
 What
is the maximum number of electrons in
the second principal energy level (n = 2)?
8
 The
s sublevel contains ___ orbitals (and 2
electrons) and the p sublevel contains ___
orbitals (and 6 electrons).
 1…3