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Digestive System Medical Terminology • • • • Structures Lips (cheil/o) Mouth (stomat/o0 Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) Salivary glands – Sublingual – Submandibular – Parotid • • • • Pharynx Esophagus Stomach (gastr/o) Small intestine – Duodenum – Jejunum – Ileum (hip = ilium) • Large intestine – – – – – • • Cecum Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anus Structures • Liver (hepat/o) • Hepatic duct • Gallbladder • Cystic duct – Cholecyst/o – Chole = bile – Cyst = bladder • Common bile duct • Pancreas • Pancreatic duct Functions (physiology) All functions aided by “PERISTALSIS” • Ingestion • Digestion (pepsis) – Mechanical » Mouth » stomach – Chemical » Mouth » Stomach » Duodenum » Pancreas • Absorption » Jejunum » Ileum • Elimination • Absorption – Key to rapidity & completeness: • Increase surface area – Rugae/ plicae – Villi – Microvilli System Terminology • Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis) • Gastr/o = stomach • Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy • Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis) • Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) • Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer System Terminology • Obstructed bowel – Volvulus – Intussusception Diverticulosis /diverticulitis Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon. • Diverticula • Diverticulosis • Diverticulitis Hernia (-cele) • Types of hernia – called hernias or –celes • umbilical hernia • umbilicocele – Strangulated (no blood) – Inguinal – Hiatal • In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm. Gallbladder disease • Cholelithiasis • Choledocholithiasis • Cholecystitis
