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Scheme of Work 2010 – 2011 Statistics 1 Week/ Date Learning Outcomes [Can be differentiated] Exploring data 1: Introduction (Recap of statistics in GCSE Maths) Teaching & Learning Activities (All resources here are hyperlinked to the MEI website) Poster activities. Learners revise techniques known and present back to class Be able to use a tally chart to produce a frequency table (page 4 1 of the textbook). Be able to describe the shape of a distribution (e.g. symmetrical distribution, or positive or negative skew) (pages 5 and 6 of the textbook). Be able to construct stem-and-leaf diagrams (pages 6 - 8 of the HW and/or Assessments Multiple choice section test Questions Exploring Data 1 Section test solutions Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points textbook). Understand what is meant by categorical data (qualitative), numerical data, continuousdata and discrete data (pages 12, 13 of the textbook). Understand sigma notation (page 13 of the textbook). Know that the mean, mode, median and midrange are all measures of central tendency, know how to calculate them and when each should be used (pages 13 - 16 of the textbook). Exploring Data 2: Frequency Distribution Be familiar with frequency tables and able to use them to calculate the mean (pages 17 - 19 of the textbook). 2-3 Understand how data can be grouped into class intervals and how to deal with class boundaries for both continuous and discrete data (pages 22 - 24 of the textbook). Poster activities. Learners revise techniques known and present back to class. Be able to use grouped data to estimate the mean (pages 25 29 of the textbook). HE Applications project: Learners are given data on HE applications and have to present back and interpret their findings using statistics. Learners can use Excel or Autograph (Teacher can demonstrate basic use of each) Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Multiple choice section test Questions Exploring Data 2 Section test solutions HE data presentation. Learners will be filmed! Know how to calculate the range of a set of data and be aware of its limitations as a measure of spread (pages 32, 33 of the Exploring Data 3: Measures of Spread Interactive Resources Mean and SD Other resources Calculating measures of spread Multiple choice section test Questions Exploring Data 3 Section test solutions textbook). Know the meaning of mean square deviation (msd) and be fluent with both methods of calculating it (pages 35, 36 of the textbook). Know the meaning of root mean square deviation (rmsd) and be fluent at calculating it (pages 35, 36 of the textbook). Know the meaning of variance, be fluent at calculating it and Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points know how it is different from the mean square deviation (divisor n - 1 instead of n (pages 36 - 38 of the textbook). Know the meaning of standard deviation, be fluent at calculating it and know how it is different from the root mean square deviation (square root of the variance, rather than square root of the msd) (pages 36 - 38 of the textbook). Be able to calculate the mean, msd, rmsd, variance and standard deviation of combined data sets (page 39, 40). Know that approximately 95% of data lie within two standard deviations of the mean for most data sets and that data values more than 2 standard deviations from the mean are therefore identified as outliers and should be investgated carefully to ensure they are valid (pages 40, 41 of the textbook). Exploring Data 4: Linear Coding Be able to use linear coding to simplify calculations of mean and standard deviation and convert them between Interactive Resources Linear Coding Active learning resources Linear Coding puzzle Linear Coding puzzle Solutions Other resources Study Plant Notes and Examples Crucial Points 4 different units (pages 46 - 48 of the textbook). Multiple choice section test Questions Exploring Data 4 Section test solutions Exploring Data Chapter Assessment Exploring Data Chapter assessment solutions HE Applications project: Learners are given data on HE applications and have to present back and interpret their findings using statistics. Data presentation 1: Introduction Be able to interpret and draw bar charts (pages 57 - 59 of the textbook). Learners can use Excel or Autograph (Teacher can demonstrate further use of each) Be able to interpret and draw vertical line charts (pages 57 - 59 of the textbook). Know that bar charts are best used to illustrate categorical data (page 57 of the textbook). Know that vertical line charts are best used to illustrate discrete data (page 57 of the textbook). Know the difference between a bar chart and a histogram (page 62 of the textbook). Know that histograms are normally used to 5 illustrate continuous data (page 62 of the textbook). Understand that the vertical axis of a histogram is frequency density, NOT frequency (page 64 of the textbook). Know that histograms can be used to represented grouped data with unequal class widths (page 65 of the textbook). Know how to calculate frequency densities (pages 63 - 64 of the textbook). Know how to construct a histogram; (pages 62 – 69 of the textbook). Understand that, for a histogram, the areas of the bars are proportional to the frequencies (Pages 62 – 63 of the textbook). Know and understand the circumstances in which it is acceptable to use histograms to illustrate discrete data (pages 66 - 68 of the textbook). Be aware of the problems with class boundaries when using histograms to illustrate discrete data (page 67 of the textbook). Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Multiple choice section test Questions Section Test Solutions HE Applications project: Learners are given data on HE applications and have to present back and interpret their findings using statistics. Data Presentation 2: Quartiles, Box and Whisker Plots and Cumulative Frequency Curves Know how to calculate the upper quartile, lower quartile and the interquartile range via calculation and using a cumulative frequency curve; (pages 71 – 76). Know how to construct a box-and-whisker diagram (boxplot); 6 (pages 73 and 77 of the textbook). Learners can use Excel or Autograph (Teacher can demonstrate further use of each. Multiple choice section test Questions Section Test Solutions Data Presentation Chapter Assessment Chapter assessment solutions Know how to recognise outliers; (pages 73 – 74 of the textbook). Know how to construct a cumulative frequency table from a grouped frequency table; (pages 74 – 75 of the textbook). Know how to construct and interpret a cumulative frequency curve; (pages 76 – 77 of the textbook). Other resources Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Know how to use a cumulative frequency diagram to work out percentiles; (question 9 of Exercise 2D and the Notes and Examples). Understand what is meant by the complement of an event and how to calculate its probability. Probability 1: Introduction 7 - 10 Understand and be able to calculate simple expectation. Understand what is meant by mutually exclusive events. Be able to calculate the probability of either one event or another. Interactive Resources Venn Diagrams Spreadsheet Active learning resources Venn Diagram Matching Activity Venn Diagram Matching Activity Solutions Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Probability 1 Section Test Solutions Understand how to use tree diagrams to calculate probabilities. Be able to use the addition law and multiplication law to calculate probabilities. Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Understand the concept of conditional probability; (pages 107 – Active learning resources Probability Matching Activity Probability Matching Activity Solutions Probability Hexagonal Jigsaw Probability Hexagonal Jigsaw Solutions Other resources Venn Diagrams Worksheet Venn Diagrams Worksheet Solutions Probability 2: Probability from two or more trials Probability 3: Conditional probability 109 of the textbook). Know the formula for conditional probability P(A and B) = P(A) times P(B l A); (page 109 of the textbook). Understand that for independent events: P(A l B) = P(B) so, Understand how to use Venn diagrams when solving conditional probability questions; (page 111 of the textbook). Understand how to use tree diagrams in solving conditional P(A and B) = P(A) times P(B); (page 109 of the textbook). probability questions; (page 117 of the textbook). Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Know what a discrete random variable (DRV) is; (Pages 119 – 120 in the textbook). Know the notation and conditions for a DRV; (Page 120 in the Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Discrete Random Variables 1: Introduction 11 - 12 textbook). Be able to construct a vertical line chart showing the probabilities of the possible outcomes of a DRV; (Pages 120 – 121 in the textbook). Multiple choice section test Questions Probability 2 Section test solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Probability 3 Section test solutions Probability Chapter Assessment Probability Chapter assessment solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Discrete Random Variables 1 Section Test Solutions Other resources Discrete Random Variables 1 Discrete Random Variables 2 Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Further Probability 1: Factorials, permutations and combinations Know what a factorial is and how to calculate it. (Pages 139 – 140 in the textbook). Be able to cancel efficiently when dividing factorials. (Examples Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Discrete Random Variables 2: Expectation and variance Know what is meant by the expectation of a discrete random variable and the variance of a discrete random variable and be able to calculate these; (Pages 127 – 130 in the textbook). on page 140 of the textbook). Know how to identify and calculate the number of permutations; 13 (Page 142 in the textbook). Know how to identify and calculate the number of combinations (Pages 143 – 144 in the textbook). Know how to calculate a binomial coefficient, and how to use Pascal’s triangle to provide shortcuts in calculating probabilities. (Pages 145 – 146 in the textbook). Be able to calculate probabilities in less simple cases. (Pages 147 – 148 in the textbook). Know that: nCr = nCn-r and n+1Cr+1 = nCr + nCr+1 ; (Pages 145 - 146 in the textbook). Multiple choice section test Questions Discrete Random Variables 2 Section test solutions Discrete Random Variables Chapter Assessment Chapter Assessment Solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Further Probability 1 Section test solutions Further Probability Chapter Assessment Further Probability Chapter assessment solutions Know the conditions required in order for the binomial distribution to be used to calculate probabilities and be able to apply it to a general probability case; (Pages 155 – 157 in the The Binomial Distribution 1: Introduction Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Binomial Distribution 1 Section test solutions 14 - 15 textbook). Know what a probability distribution is, and be able to calculate it; (Pages 155 – 156 in the textbook). Understand that the binomial distribution is an example of a probability distribution; (Pages 155 – 156 in the textbook). Be familiar with the notation B(n, p) to denote a binomial distribution with n trials and probability of success p; (Page 156 in the textbook). Know and be able to use the formula: P(X = r) = nCr prqn-r for 0 ≤ r ≤ n; (Page 156 in the textbook). The Binomial Distribution 2: Using the binomial distribution Know how to find the expectation of the binomial Active learning resources Binomial puzzle Binomial puzzle solutions distribution (Page 159 in the textbook). Be able to use the binomial distribution to work out probabilities in a given situation; (Pages 160 – 161 in the textbook). Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Binomial Distribution 2 Section test solutions Binomial Distribution Chapter Assessment Binomial Distribution Chapter assessment solutions Hypothesis testing using the binomial distribution 1: Introduction Be able to use tables of cumulative binomial probability (page 174). Understand the process of hypothesis testing and the associated Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Multiple choice section test Questions Hypothesis testing 1 Section test solutions 16 - 18 vocabulary (page 170 - 171). Be able to identify the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis (H0 and H1) when setting up a hypothesis test on a binomial probability model (page 170 – 171). Be able to conduct hypothesis tests at various significance levels (page 171). Be able to draw a correct conclusion from the results of a hypothesis test on a binomial probability model (page 170 – 171). Hypothesis testing using the Binomial Distribution 2: More about hypothesis testing Be able to identify the critical region and acceptance region for Interactive Resources Hypothesis testing Instructions for using the "Hypothesis Tester" a hypothesis test (pages 117 - 119). Understand when to apply one-tailed tests and two-tailed tests (pages 182 – 183). Know how to carry out a two-tailed test (pages 182 – 184). Study Plan Notes and Examples Crucial Points Additional Exercise Additional Exercise Solutions Hypothesis Testing 2 Section Test Questions Multiple choice section test solutions Hypothesis Testing Chapter Assessment Hypothesis testing Chapter assessment solutions