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Macromolecules
Chapter 2 Section 3
What is a macromolecule?
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It is also called a biomolecule
It is formed from thousands of smaller
molecules through polymerization of many
monomers
Recall:
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POLY= MANY
MONO=ONE
4 kinds of macromolecules
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates: An energy macromolecule
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Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar)
Function: These are our main source of energy & used
for structural purposes
Formed through dehydration synthesis:
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Removal of water
Elements: Carbon Hydrogen & Oxygen (CHO) in a 1:2:1
ratio
Many monosaccharides (single sugars) make up these
polysaccharides (many sugars).
Proteins: A structural macromolecule
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Monomer: amino acids
Amino acid: building block of proteins, contains
an amine & carboxyl group
Catalysts: a type of protein that speeds up the
rate of a reaction without being used up
Enzymes: A type of protein that runs chemical
reactions
Function: Build muscles, fight diseases, &
transports substances into and out of the cell.
Elements: CHON- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen &
nitrogen
Proteins inside:
Lipids: An energy AND structural
macromolecule
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Made of glycerol & fatty acids (not a true monomer)
Saturated Fats- contain the maximum number of H
Unsaturated Fats- contain double bonds & less H
Phospholipid- consists of parts that dissolve easily
in water and parts that do not.
Functions:
1. Make up cell membranes (Phospholipids).
2. Is a secondary source of energy.
3. Waterproof covering
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Elements: CHO- carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
Lipids
Outside:
Inside:
Nucleic Acids- The heritable macromolecule
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Monomer: nucleotide
2 types:
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RNA- contains the sugar ribose
DNA- contains the sugar deoxyribose
Function: stores & transmits genetic information
Elements: CHONP- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen & phosphorus
Examples: there are ONLY 2: RNA & DNA
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Nucleic Acids
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Outside
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Inside
Reflect- on the back of your
foldable answer these questions:
1. Compare & contrast the following
A.
B.
Carbs & Lipids
Proteins & Nucleic Acids
2. Look at the structures of all 4 macromolecules.
How are they similar & different?