Download Configuration Guide - IP Routing

Quidway S2700 Series Ethernet Switches
V100R006C00
Configuration Guide - IP Routing
Issue
01
Date
2011-07-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
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Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address:
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About This Document
About This Document
Intended Audience
This document provides the basic concepts, configuration procedures, and configuration
examples in different application scenarios of the S2700, including static routes.
This document describes how to configure the IP routing features.
This document is intended for:
l
Data configuration engineers
l
Commissioning engineers
l
Network monitoring engineers
l
System maintenance engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol
Description
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
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Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which
if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
TIP
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save
time.
NOTE
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.
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About This Document
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention
Description
Boldface
The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic
Command arguments are in italics.
[]
Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ]
Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }*
Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]*
Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
&<1-n>
The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times.
#
A line starting with the # sign is comments.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all changes made in previous issues.
Changes in Issue 01 (2011-07-15)
Initial commercial release.
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Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 IP Static Route Configuration.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Static Route.........................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Static Routing Features Supported by the S2700...............................................................................................2
1.3 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route.......................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.........................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route..............................................................................................................4
1.3.3 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference for IPv4 Static Routes.............................................................4
1.3.4 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................5
1.4 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route.......................................................................................................................5
1.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task.........................................................................................................5
1.4.2 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route..............................................................................................................6
1.4.3 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference for IPv6 Static Routes.............................................................6
1.4.4 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................7
1.5 Configuration Examples.....................................................................................................................................7
1.5.1 Example for Configuring IPv4 Static Routes............................................................................................7
1.5.2 Example for Configuring IPv6 Static Routes..........................................................................................11
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1
1 IP Static Route Configuration
IP Static Route Configuration
About This Chapter
Static routes are applicable to simple networks. Properly configuring and using static routes
improve the network performance and help ensure bandwidth for important services.
1.1 Static Route
Static routes are a special type of routes that need to be manually configured.
1.2 Static Routing Features Supported by the S2700
The system supports various static routes, including IPv4 static routes, IPv6 static routes, default
routes.
1.3 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route
On an IPv4 network, you can accurately control route selection by configuring IPv4 static routes.
1.4 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route
On an IPv6 network, you can accurately control route selection by configuring IPv6 static routes.
1.5 Configuration Examples
This section provides configuration examples of static routes.
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1 IP Static Route Configuration
1.1 Static Route
Static routes are a special type of routes that need to be manually configured.
On a simple network, you only need to configure static routes so that the network can run
properly. Properly using static routes improves the network performance and provides the
guaranteed bandwidth for important applications.
The disadvantage of static routes is that if a fault occurs on the network or the network topology
changes, static routes cannot automatically change and must be changed manually by the
administrator.
1.2 Static Routing Features Supported by the S2700
The system supports various static routes, including IPv4 static routes, IPv6 static routes, default
routes.
IPv4 Static Route
IPv4 static routes need to be manually configured by the administrator. IPv4 static routes are
applicable to simple IPv4 networks.
If the destination address of an IPv4 static route is 0.0.0.0 with the mask length being 0, this
IPv4 static route is an IPv4 default route.
If the destination address of an IPv4 packet fails to match any entry in the routing table, the
switch uses the IPv4 default route to forward the IPv4 packet.
The S2700 supports ordinary static routes .
IPv6 Static Route
Similar to IPv4 static routes, IPv6 static routes need to be manually configured by the
administrator. IPv6 static routes are applicable to simple IPv6 networks.
If the destination address of an IPv6 static route is ::/0 with the mask length being 0, this IPv6
static route is an IPv6 default route.
If the destination address of an IPv6 packet fails to match any entry in the routing table, the
switch uses the IPv6 default route to forward the IPv6 packet.
NOTE
The main differences between IPv6 static routes and IPv4 static routes are their destination addresses and
next-hop addresses. The next-hop address of an IPv6 static route is an IPv6 address, whereas the next-hop
address of an IPv4 static route is an IPv4 address.
Default Route
Default routes are a special type of routes. Generally, administrators can manually configure
default routes.
Default routes are used only when packets to be forwarded fail to match any entry in the routing
table. In the routing table, the destination address and subnet mask of a default route are both
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0.0.0.0. You can run the display ip routing-table command to check whether the default route
is configured.
If the destination address of a packet does not match any entry in the routing table, the switch
uses the default route to forward this packet. If no default route exists and the destination address
of the packet does not match any entry in the routing table, the packet is discarded. An Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packet is then sent back to the originating host, informing
that the destination host or network is unreachable.
1.3 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route
On an IPv4 network, you can accurately control route selection by configuring IPv4 static routes.
1.3.1 Establishing the Configuration Task
Before configuring an IPv4 static route, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment,
complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the data required for the configuration. This
will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Applicable Environment
When configuring an IPv4 static route, note the following:
l
Destination address and mask
In the ip route-static command, the IPv4 destination address is in dotted decimal notation,
and the mask can be either expressed in dotted decimal notation or replaced by the mask
length (namely, the number of consecutive 1s in the mask).
l
Outbound interface and next-hop address
When configuring a static route, you can specify either interface-type interface-number or
nexthop-address according to the actual situation.
In practice, every routing entry requires a next-hop address. When sending a packet, the
switch first searches for the matched route in the routing table according to the destination
address.
In some cases, for example, the link layer is encapsulated with PPP, you can also specify
outbound interfaces when configuring the switch even if the remote address is not known.
In this manner, it is unnecessary to modify the switch configuration when the remote
address changes.
l
Other attributes
Setting different preferences for static routes helps flexibly apply routing policies. For
example, when configuring multiple routes to the same destination address, you can set the
same preference for these routes to implement load balancing. You can also set different
preferences to implement routing redundancy.
When the ip route-static command is run to configure a static route, if the destination
address and the mask are set to all 0s (0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0), it indicates that a default route is
configured.
Pre-configuration Tasks
Before configuring an IPv4 static route, complete the following task:
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1 IP Static Route Configuration
Configuring link layer protocol parameters and IP addresses for interfaces to ensure that
the link layer protocol status of the interfaces is Up
Data Preparation
To configure an IPv4 static route, you need the following data.
No.
Data
1
Destination address and mask
2
Outbound interface or next-hop IPv4 address
3
Preference of the IPv4 static route
1.3.2 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route
When configuring an IPv4 static route, you need to correctly configure its destination address,
outbound interface, and next hop.
Context
Do as follows on the switch to be configured with static route:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:
ip route-static ip-address { mask | mask-length } { nexthop-address | interfacetype interface-number [ nexthop-address ] } [ preference preference | tag tag ] *
[ description text ]
An IPv4 static route is configured.
By default, no IPv4 static route is configured.
----End
1.3.3 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference for IPv4 Static
Routes
Setting the default preference for IPv4 static routes can affect route selection.
Context
Do as follows on the switchs that need to be configured with static routes and change the default
priority for static routes:
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Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:
ip route-static default-preference preference
The default preference is set for static routes.
By default, the preference of static routes is 60.
When a static route is configured, the default preference is used if no preference is explicitly
specified for the static route. After a default preference is specified, the new default preference
is valid for subsequent rather than existing IPv4 static routes.
----End
1.3.4 Checking the Configuration
After an IPv4 static route is configured, you can check detailed information about the configured
IPv4 static route.
Prerequisite
The configurations of an IPv4 static route are complete.
Procedure
l
Run the display ip routing-table command to check brief information about the IPv4
routing table.
l
Run the display ip routing-table verbose command to check detailed information about
the IPv4 routing table.
----End
1.4 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route
On an IPv6 network, you can accurately control route selection by configuring IPv6 static routes.
1.4.1 Establishing the Configuration Task
Before configuring an IPv6 static route, familiarize yourself with the applicable environment,
complete the pre-configuration tasks, and obtain the data required for the configuration. This
will help you complete the configuration task quickly and accurately.
Applicable Environment
On a small IPv6 network, you can implement network interconnection by configuring IPv6 static
routes. Compared with using dynamic routes, using static routes saves the bandwidth.
Pre-configuration Tasks
Before configuring an IPv6 static route, complete the following task:
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l
1 IP Static Route Configuration
Configuring link layer protocol parameters and IP addresses for interfaces to ensure that
the link layer protocol status of the interfaces is Up
Data Preparation
To configure an IPv6 static route, you need the following data.
No.
Data
1
Destination address and mask
2
Outbound interface or next-hop IPv6 address
3
Preference of the IPv6 static route
1.4.2 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route
When configuring an IPv6 static route, you need to correctly configure its destination address,
outbound interface, and next hop.
Context
Do as follows on the switch to be configured with static routes:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:
ipv6 route-static dest-ipv6-address prefix-length { interface-type interfacenumber nexthop-ipv6-address| nexthop-ipv6-address } [ preference preference | tag
tag ] * [ description text ]
An IPv6 static route is configured.
When configuring a static route, you need to specify either the outbound interface or the nexthop address according to the actual situation. If the outbound interface is a non-P2P interface,
you must also specify the next-hop address in addition to specifying the outbound interface.
If preference is not specified, the default preference is 60.
By default, no IPv6 static route is configured.
----End
1.4.3 (Optional) Setting the Default Preference for IPv6 Static
Routes
By setting the default preference for an IPv6 static route, you can change the preference of the
static route.
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Context
Do as follows on the switch that need to be configured with IPv6 static routes and change the
default priority for IPv6 static routes:
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:
ipv6 route-static default-preference preference
The default preference of IPv6 static routes is set.
By default, the preference of IPv6 static routes is 60.
When an IPv6 static route is configured, the default preference is used if the preference of the
static route is not explicitly specified. After the default preference is specified, the default
preference is valid for subsequent rather than existing IPv6 static routes.
----End
1.4.4 Checking the Configuration
After an IPv6 static route is configured, you can check detailed information about the configured
route.
Prerequisite
The configurations of an IPv6 static route are complete.
Procedure
l
Run the display ipv6 routing-table command to check brief information about the IPv6
routing table.
l
Run the display ipv6 routing-table verbose command to check detailed information about
the IPv6 routing table.
----End
1.5 Configuration Examples
This section provides configuration examples of static routes.
1.5.1 Example for Configuring IPv4 Static Routes
Networking Requirements
The PCs that belong to different network segments are connected through several switches. IPv4
static routes should be used so that any two PCs in different network segments can communicate
with each other.
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Figure 1-1 Networking diagram for configuring IPv4 static routes
PC2
1.1.2.2/24
Eth0/0/3
Eth0/0/1
Eth0/0/2
Switch B
Switch A
Eth0/0/1
Switch C
Eth0/0/1
Eth0/0/2
Eth0/0/2
PC1
1.1.1.2/24
PC3
1.1.3.2/24
Switch
Interface
VLANIF Interface
IP Address
SwitchA
Eth0/0/1
VLANIF 10
1.1.4.1/30
SwitchA
Eth 0/0/2
VLANIF 30
1.1.1.1/24
SwitchB
Eth 0/0/1
VLANIF 10
1.1.4.2/30
SwitchB
Eth 0/0/2
VLANIF 20
1.1.4.5/30
SwitchB
Eth 0/0/3
VLANIF 40
1.1.2.1/24
SwitchC
Eth 0/0/1
VLANIF 20
1.1.4.6/30
SwitchC
Eth 0/0/2
VLANIF 50
1.1.3.1/24
Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1.
Create a VLAN to which each interface belongs.
2.
Assign an IP address to each VLANIF interface.
3.
Configure a default IP gateway on each host.
4.
Configure static routes and default routes on each switch.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
l
The IDs of the VLANs to which the interfaces belong are shown in Figure 1-1.
l
The VLANIF interfaces and the IP addresses of the hosts are shown in Figure 1-1.
l
The next hop address of the default route on Switch A is 1.1.4.2.
l
The destination address of Switch B is 1.1.1.0, and the next hop address of the static route
is 1.1.4.1.
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l
The destination address of Switch B is 1.1.3.0, and the next hop address of the static route
is 1.1.4.6.
l
The next hop address of the default route on Switch C is 1.1.4.5.
Configuration Procedure
1.
Create a VLAN to which each interface belongs.
The configuration details are not mentioned here.
2.
Assign an IP address to each interface.
The configuration details are not mentioned here.
3.
Configure the hosts.
Configure default gateways of the hosts PC1, PC2, and PC3 as 1.1.1.1, 1.1.2.1, and 1.1.3.1
respectively.
4.
Configure static routes.
# Configure a default route on Switch A.
<SwitchA> system-view
[SwitchA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.2
# Configure two static routes on Switch B.
<SwitchB> system-view
[SwitchB] ip route-static 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.1
[SwitchB] ip route-static 1.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.6
# Configure a default route on Switch C.
<SwitchC> system-view
[SwitchC] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.5
5.
Verify the configuration.
# Check the routing table of Switch A.
[SwitchA] display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8
Routes : 8
Destination/Mask
0.0.0.0/0
1.1.1.0/24
1.1.1.1/32
1.1.4.0/30
1.1.4.1/32
1.1.4.2/32
127.0.0.0/8
127.0.0.1/32
Proto
Pre
Cost
Static
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Flags
RD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
NextHop
Interface
1.1.4.2
1.1.1.1
127.0.0.1
1.1.4.1
127.0.0.1
1.1.4.2
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
Vlanif10
Vlanif30
InLoopBack0
Vlanif10
InLoopBack
Vlanif10
InLoopBack0
InLoopBack0
# Run the ping command to verify the connectivity.
[SwitchA] ping 1.1.3.1
PING 1.1.3.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=62
Reply from 1.1.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=63
Reply from 1.1.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=63
Reply from 1.1.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=62
Reply from 1.1.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=62
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
--- 1.1.3.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms
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# Run the tracert command to verify the connectivity.
[SwitchA] tracert 1.1.3.1
traceroute to 1.1.3.1(1.1.3.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40
1 1.1.4.2 31 ms 32 ms 31 ms
2 1.1.4.6 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms
Configuration Files
l
Configuration file of Switch A
#
sysname SwitchA
#
vlan batch 10 30
#
interface Vlanif10
ip address 1.1.4.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface Vlanif30
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port hybrid pvid vlan 30
port hybrid untagged vlan 30
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.2
#
return
l
Configuration file of Switch B
#
sysname SwitchB
#
vlan batch 10 20 40
#
interface Vlanif10
ip address 1.1.4.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface Vlanif20
ip address 1.1.4.5 255.255.255.252
#
interface Vlanif40
ip address 1.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 40
#
ip route-static 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.1
ip route-static 1.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.6
#
return
l
Configuration file of Switch C
#
sysname SwitchC
#
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vlan batch 20 50
#
interface Vlanif20
ip address 1.1.4.6 255.255.255.252
#
interface Vlanif40
ip address 1.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port hybrid pvid vlan 50
port hybrid untagged vlan 50
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.5
#
return
1.5.2 Example for Configuring IPv6 Static Routes
Networking Requirements
As shown in Figure 1-2, the mask length of all the IPv6 addresses is 64 bits. It is required that
every two hosts or Switches be interconnected through IPv6 static routes.
Figure 1-2 Networking diagram for configuring IPv6 static routes
PC2
2::2/64
Vlanif100
2::1/64
Vlanif1
Vlanif2
4::1/64
5::1/64
Switch B
Switch A
Vlanif1
4::2/64
Vlanif2
5::2/64
Vlanif100
Vlanif100
1::1/64
PC1
1::2/64
Switch C
3::1/64
PC3
3::2/64
Configuration Roadmap
The configuration roadmap is as follows:
1.
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Assign an IPv6 address on each Switch to make the network routable.
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2.
Configure the IPv6 static route and the default route to the destination address on each
Switch.
3.
Configure the IPv6 default gateway on each host to make any two hosts reachable.
Data Preparation
To complete the configuration, you need the following data:
l
Default gateways of host PC1, host PC2, and host PC3: 1::1, 2::1, and 3::1
Configuration Procedure
1.
Assign an IPv6 address to each interface. The configuration details are not mentioned here.
2.
Configure IPv6 static routes.
# Configure the IPv6 default route on Switch-A.
[Switch-A] ipv6 route-static :: 0 4::1
# Configure two IPv6 static routes on Switch-B.
[Switch-B] ipv6 route-static 1:: 64 4::2
[Switch-B] ipv6 route-static 3:: 64 5::2
# Configure the IPv6 default route on Switch-C.
[Switch-C] ipv6 route-static :: 0 5::1
Configuration Files
l
Configuration file of Switch-A
#
sysname Switch-A
#
ipv6
#
interface Vlanif1
ipv6 address 4::2/64
#
interface Vlanif100
ipv6 address 1::1/64
#
#
ipv6 route-static :: 0 4::1
#
return
l
Configuration file of Switch-B
#
sysname Switch-B
#
ipv6
#
interface Vlanif1
ipv6 address 4::1/64
#
interface Vlanif2
ipv6 address 5::1/64
#
interface Vlanif 100
ipv6 address 2::1/64
#
#
ipv6 route-static 1:: 64 4::2
ipv6 route-static 3:: 64 5::2
#
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Quidway S2700 Series Ethernet Switches
Configuration Guide - IP Routing
1 IP Static Route Configuration
return
l
Configuration file of Switch-C
#
sysname Switch-C
#
ipv6
#
interface Vlanif2
ipv6 address 5::2/64
#
interface Vlanif1
ipv6 address 3::1/64
#
#
ipv6 route-static :: 0 5::1
#
return
Issue 01 (2011-07-15)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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