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Chapter 1 Lessons 1 and 2 study guide.
1. What are the basic needs of living things?
a. Water, food, a place to live- most also need oxygen
2. What are the five traits of living things?
a. Living things grow, reproduce, use energy, get rid of waste, and
respond to their environment
3. How does an organism meet those needs?
a. Example- a bird grows from a chick to an adult, lays eggs to
reproduce, uses energy from food like seeds, gets rid of waste,
and responds to it’s environment by flying away from threats,
towards food sources, building nests, or even migrating in
winter
4. What is the smallest unit of living things?
a. cells
5. What are the major parts of a cell?
a. Organelles such as the nucleus (controls cell activity),
Chlorplast (produces food in plant cells), Mitochondia (burns
food for fuel), Cell wall (supports plant cells), Vacuoule (stores
water and food), cytoplasm (jelly like substance that fills the
cell) and cell membrane (surrounds the cell and controls what
enters or leaves)
6. What makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?
a. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts/chlorophyll, Animal
cells do not, but do have lysosomes (digestive organelles)
7. How are cells grouped together in larger organisms?
a. Cells group into tissues, which group into organs, which group
into organ systems, which group into organisms.
8. What tool do you use to see cells and other small things?
a. Microscopes- there are several different types for different
levels of magnification
9. What is classification?
a. Sorting things into groups based on common characteristics
10. How are living things classified?
a. Living things are classified by traits such as cell type, how they
move, get their food, and other traits
11. What is a trait?
a. A characteristic of a living thing
12. What are the six kingdoms, and what are some major
characteristics of each?
a. Plants (produce own food from the sun, don’t move,
multiceluar), Animals (consume other organisms for food, move
from place to place), Fungi (has traits of both plants and
animals, cannot move from place to place but cannot produce
own food, includes yeast, mushrooms, and mold), Protists (can
be single celled or multicellular with specialized parts, ),
Bacteria (single celled, most abundant form of life on earth) and
Archaea (also called ancient bacteria, live in harsh
environments)
13. What are the levels of classification (in order) that kingdoms are
divided into?
a. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus species (kings
play chess on fine grained sand)
14. Why do scientists classify organisms?
a. It helps them to understand organisms better by seeing what
they are similar to. It gives a common language with other
scientists. It allows newly discovered organisms to be
understood more quickly by how they compare to existing ones.
15. How do organisms compare to other organisms in the same, or
different classification groups?
a. Organisms are more similar to things in their own groups than
they are to things in other groups. The smaller the group, the
more similar the organisms within it are.
16. How do organisms in the same kingdom compare to organisms in
the same genus?
a. Organisms in the same genus are much more alike than those
that share only a kingdom.
17. What are microorganisms?
a. Living things too small to be seen with just the eyes
18. Where are bacteria found?
a. All over the earth. There are at least 5 nanillion bacteria on
earth. (5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) including
more in a humans digestive tract that people who have ever
lived.
19. Are bacteria, fungi, and protists helpful or harmful?
a. It depends on the type. Some are helpful, some are harmful.
20. How are organisms named scientifically?
a. Their scientific name is in latin, and is the combination of the
genus and species names. This is called binomial nominclature.