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Chapter 10 Lesson 10.2
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Journal question: What are some neurological disorders that
you are familiar with?
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1
Chapter Goals



Name, locate, and describe major organs of
the nervous system and their functions.
Learn nervous system combining forms and
use them with suffixes and prefixes.
Define pathological conditions affecting the
nervous system.
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2
The Brain (cont’d)
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3
The Brain (cont’d)

Cerebrum

Is the largest section of brain
 Surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex
 Manages speech, vision, smell, movement,
hearing, and thought
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4
The Brain (cont’d)

Cerebellum



Coordinates voluntary movements
Maintains balance
Thalamus

Integrates and monitors impulses from skin (pain)
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5
The Brain (cont’d)

Hypothalamus



Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual
desire, and emotions
Regulates release of hormones from pituitary
gland
Monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems
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6
The Brain (cont’d)
The Brainstem
 Pons


Bridges cerebrum and cerebellum with rest of the
brain
Houses nerves for face and eyes
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7
The Brain (cont’d)
The Brainstem
 Medulla oblongata

Connects spinal cord to brain
 Nerve tracts from side to side
 Regulates:
• Blood vessels
• Heart
• Respiratory system
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8
The Spinal Cord and Meninges
Spinal cord
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9
The Spinal Cord and Meninges
(cont’d)
Meninges
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10
Vocabulary

acetylcholine

afferent nerve

arachnoid membrane

astrocyte

autonomic nervous system
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11
Vocabulary (cont’d)

axon

blood-brain barrier

brainstem

cauda equina

cell body
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12
Vocabulary (cont’d)

central nervous system

cerebellum

cerebral cortex

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

cerebrum
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13
Vocabulary (cont’d)

dendrite

dura mater

ependymal cell

efferent nerve

ganglion/ganglia

glial cell or neuroglial cell

gyrus
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14
Vocabulary (cont’d)






hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
meninges
microglial cell
motor nerve
myelin sheath
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
15
Vocabulary (cont’d)







nerve
neuron
neurotransmitter
oligodendroglial cell
parasympathetic nerves
parenchyma
peripheral nervous system
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16
Vocabulary (cont’d)

pia mater

plexus

pons

receptor

sciatic nerve

sensory nerve

spinal nerves
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17
Vocabulary (cont’d)








stimulus/stimuli
stroma
sulcus
sympathetic nerves
synapse
thalamus
vagus nerve
ventricles of the brain
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18
QUICK QUIZ:
1. A sheet of nerve cells that
produces a rounded fold on the
surface of the cerebellum
A.
B.
C.
D.
microglial
gyrus
parenchyma
stroma
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19
QUICK QUIZ:
1. A sheet of nerve cells that
produces a rounded fold on the
surface of the cerebellum
A.
B.
C.
D.
microglial
gyrus
parenchyma
stroma
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20
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. The thin, delicate inner
membrane of the meninges
A.
B.
C.
D.
pia mater
dura mater
parenchyma
stroma
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21
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. The thin, delicate inner
membrane of the meninges
A.
B.
C.
D.
pia mater
dura mater
parenchyma
stroma
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22
Terminology
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
Combining Form





cerebell/o
cerebr/o
dur/o
encephal/o
gli/o
Meaning
cerebellum
cerebrum
dura mater
brain
glial cells
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23
Terminology (cont’d)
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
Combining Form





lept/o
mening/o,
meningi/o
my/o
myel/o
neur/o
Meaning
thin, slender
membranes,
meninges
muscle
spinal cord
nerve
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Terminology (cont’d)
ORGANS AND STRUCTURES
Combining Form

pont/o
radicul/o
thalam/o
thec/o

vag/o



Meaning
pons
nerve root
thalamus
sheath
(refers to meninges)
vagus nerve
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25
Terminology (cont’d)
SYMPTOMS
Combining Form






alges/o, -algesia
-algia
caus/o
comat/o
esthesi/o, -esthesia
kines/o, -kinesia
Meaning
excessive sensitivity to pain
pain
burning
deep sleep
feeling, nervous sensation
movement
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
26
Terminology (cont’d)
SYMPTOMS
Combining Form





-kinesis, kinetic
-lepsy
lex/o
-paresis
-phasia
Meaning
movement
seizure
word, phrase
slight paralysis
speech
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27
Terminology (cont’d)
SYMPTOMS
Combining Form





-plegia
-praxia
-sthenia
syncop/o
tax/o
Meaning
paralysis
action
strength
cut off
order, coordination
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28
QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means nerve pain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cephalgia
analgesia
hypalgesia
neuralgia
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29
QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means nerve pain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cephalgia
analgesia
hypalgesia
neuralgia
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30
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
4. Which type of hematoma occurs
between the skull and the dura as a
result of a ruptured meningeal artery,
usually after a fracture of the skull?
A. subdural
B. epidural
C. intracerebral
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
31
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
4. Which type of hematoma occurs
between the skull and the dura as a
result of a ruptured meningeal artery,
usually after a fracture of the skull?
A. subdural
B. epidural
C. intracerebral
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
32