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Chapter 7
Prehabilitation and Preseason
Conditioning
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Objectives
• Upon completion of this chapter, you
should be able to:
– Discuss how prehabilitation can decrease the
chance of injury
– Explain how preseason conditioning helps the
body adapt to the demands placed upon it
– Describe isometric, dynamic, and isokinetic
exercise and how they are used in a
conditioning program
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Objectives (cont’d.)
• Upon completion of this chapter, you
should be able to (cont’d.):
– Compare and contrast manual resistance
training, circuit training, and special
individualized programs
– Describe the science behind progressive
resistance exercise
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Objectives (cont’d.)
• Upon completion of this chapter, you
should be able to (cont’d.):
– Explain how stretching and flexibility are
important components of an overall fitness
program
– Explain the benefits of cardiorespiratory
training
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Prehabilitation
• Rehabilitation:
– Programmed exercise program designed to
return an athlete to fitness and competition
• Prehabilitation:
– Trying to prevent injuries before they occur,
through a preventative management program
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Preseason Conditioning
• Developing the athlete in the off-season
– Athletes work on overall conditioning as well
as concentrating on specific weaknesses
• Preseason conditioning program
– Begin six to eight weeks prior to sports
participation
• Allows body to gradually adapt to demands
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Preseason Conditioning (cont’d.)
• Sports medicine physicians, certified
athletic trainers, and qualified youth
coaches prescribe preseason conditioning
programs
– Provide athletes with information on the type,
frequency, intensity, and duration of training
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Strength Training
• Body changes in response to increased
training load
– Highly adaptive
– Requires a systematic application of exercise
stress
• Stress should be sufficient to stimulate muscle
fatigue, but not so severe that breakdown and
injury occur
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Strength Training (cont’d.)
• Hypertrophies
– Muscle is worked beyond its normal limits,
adapts and becomes larger
• Atrophies
– Muscle is worked less than normal and
becomes smaller
• Progressive resistance exercise
– Body adapts to increased demand by training
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Strength Training (cont’d.)
• Overload
– Muscles must be overloaded to improve
strength
• Specificity
– Muscles adapt to nature of work performed
• Reversibility
– Muscles disuse leads to a decrease in
strength and muscle mass
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Strength Training (cont’d.)
• Individual differences
– People vary in the rate at which they gain
strength
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Strength Training Exercises
• Isometric exercise
– Muscles contract, but there is no motion in the
affected joints
– Usually performed against an immovable
surface or object
– Often used for rehabilitation
• Exact area of muscle weakness can be isolated
• Strengthening is administered at the proper joint
angle
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Strength Training Exercises
(cont’d.)
• Dynamic exercise
– Movement of the joint during muscle
contraction (e.g., weight training with
dumbbells and barbells)
– Manual resistance training
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Strength Training Exercises
(cont’d.)
• Isokinetic exercise
– Machines control speed of contraction within
range of motion
• Combines isometrics and weight training
• Circuit training
– Six to ten strength exercises completed as a
circuit
– Improves strength and stamina
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Strength Training Exercises
(cont’d.)
• Stretching
– Moving joints beyond normal range of motion
• Flexibility
– Ability of a joint to move freely through full
range of motion
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Strength Training Exercises
(cont’d.)
• Static stretching
– Gradual stretching of a muscle through the
muscle’s entire range of motion
• Ballistic stretching
– Rhythmical, bouncing action
• Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
– Combination of contraction and relaxation of
muscles
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Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
• Activities that put increased demand on
lungs, heart, and other body systems
• Uses large muscle groups for activities
• Muscular endurance
– Ability of muscles to sustain high-intensity,
aerobic exercise
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Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
(cont’d.)
• An aerobic conditioning program should
take into account:
– Beginning fitness level
– Age
– Sex
– Physical limitations
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Special Individualized Programs
• Cost depends on program type and
amount of time devoted to personalized
instruction
• Personal trainers should be certified
– The National Federation of Professional
Trainers
– The International Sport Sciences Association
– The American College of Sports Medicine
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Individualized Programs (cont’d.)
• Athletes should “comparison shop” to find
a personal trainer to fit their needs
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Conclusion
• Trying to prevent injuries before they occur
is known as prehabilitation
• Personalized programs are an integral
component of the total athletic fitness
program
• There are many different ways to achieve
fitness
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Conclusion (cont’d.)
• Stretching and flexibility are important
components of fitness
• A well-thought-out stretching and flexibility
program helps with injury prevention and
treatment
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