Download Muscular System

Stephen Springer
Nolan Wool
Movement
Fluid Propulsion
Posture
Generate Heart Beat
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Blood
Connective Tissue


Cylindrical
Sarcolemma


Sarcoplasm




covering
cytoplasm
Myofibrils
Myosin
Actin

Stimulus travels from:
Brain
Neuron
Neuron
Axon
Motor
End Plate
Muscle
Myosin


Thick
Heads/Cross bridges
Actin


Thin
Binding Sites
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heads of myosin attach to binding sites of
actin
Myosin heads swivel
ATP releases myosin heads
Muscle relaxes
Calcium released from sarcoplasmic
reticulum exposes the binding sites
Calcium binds to troponin
 Tropomyosin pulls aside
 Binding sites on actin
exposed




Myosin heads bind to actin
Power stroke occurs (swivel of heads)
Muscle contraction occurs

ATP binds to myosin


ATP splits into ADP and Phosphorous


Linkage is released
Causes the myosin head to cock back
Cycle continues*

*If there are ATP & Calcium Ions
Energy:
 Glycolysis
 Cellular Respiration
ATP
Contraction
anaerobic
aerobic
Definition: When a muscle is exercised strenuously
for a prolonged period and loses its ability to
contract.
Cause:
 Low pH
 Accumulation of Lactic Acid


Glycolysis
Fast-twitch muscle
Oxygen Debt




Lactic acid build up
+2 ATP

Cellular Respiration
Slow-twitch muscle
Includes the process of
Glycolysis
+34 ATP
Definition: A painful condition in which a muscle
undergoes a sustained involuntary contraction
Causes:
 Lack of ATP
 Changes in extracellular fluid
 Uncontrolled stimulation
Frontalis
Zygomaticus
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Deltiod
Pectoralis Major
Biceps Bracii
Expeliarmis
*Harry Potter
Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Sartorius
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Fibularis Longus
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum
Longus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Triceps Bracii
Brachialis
Nobody Cares
Occipitalis
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Deltoid
Infraspinatud
Teres Major
Rhomboideus
Latissimus
Dorsi
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus
Maximus
Gluteus Maximus
Gostrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis Longus
Calcaneal Tendon
Adductor Magnus
Biceps Femorous
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Origin:
The immovable
end of a muscle
Insertion:
The moveable end
of a muscle
Prime Mover (agonist):
 Mainly responsible
for movement
Antagonists:
 Resist prime mover
Synergists:
 Helper muscles
Muscle Tone:
 Nerve impulses
continuously sent from
spinal cord
Recruitment:
 Increases number
of active muscle fibers
 Summation or Tetanic
Increase of weight
Summation:
 Combined individual
twitches
 Eventual relaxation
Sustained Contraction (tetanic):
 Combined individual
twitches
 Doesn’t relax
 Rigor mortis
Myotonic Dystrophy—An Expanding Gene:



Stronger and more threatening with each generation
RNA too large to leave nucleas, gets copied, passed to
next generation continuously
Weakness of limbs
Hereditary Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy:


Actin not anchored to
z-line properly
Causes the heart
chambers to enlarge
and eventually fail