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The Age of Imperialism
Unit 12
“The most important thing is to try and inspire people
so they can be great in whatever they want to do” Kobe Bryant
WU: 3/04
What is the theory evolution, how does it work?
How would you describe what a colony is?
What does this quote mean to you?
Age of Imperialism
Industrial growth plus Social Darwinism created European competition for new
colonies. Europe scrambled to control the resource-rich continent of Africa.
In 1880, Europe controlled 10% of African coastal land. African armies, strong
river currents, and disease kept Europe near the border.
Steam engine, Machine gun, and medicine made it possible to travel inland.
Raw Materials: Copper, tin, diamonds, gold, Cash Crops: peanuts, cocoa, rubber.
(replaced food crops)
Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference 1885, 14 nations set rules for dividing Africa. Be the first to
control an area and provide evidence.
Dutch farmers (Boers) established farms in South Africa. British arrive, driving
Boers north into Zulu territory. The Boer War erupts between the Boers and the
British. Britain wins and gains control of South Africa.
STEP ONE
Define
the following terms:
1. Imperialism (p.773)
2. Social Darwinism (p.775)
3. Berlin Conference (p.776)
4. Boers (p.776)
STEP TWO
Read the selected passages and answer its follow up question:
Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa (p.775)
did the different cultures of Africans help the Europeans colonize Africa?”
Berlin Conference Divides Africa (p.776)
“What two things were countries required to do before establish a colony?”
The Boer War (p.778)
“What caused the “outsiders” to come to South Africa?”
“How
“We will never have true civilization until we have learned to
recognize the rights of others.” -Will Rogers (WU: 3/08)
What happened at the Berlin Conference?
What is Imperialism?
Think about the quote, what does it mean, how does this apply today?
(I can explain the different forms of colonial control.)
Types of control in Africa
Indirect control; Britain, America (train and promote locals, eventually self-govern)
Sphere of Influence: Outside country has exclusive control over trade.
Direct control; France, Germany, brought their own leaders. provided needs not
rights. Paternalism: Civilizing the savage. Human Zoos open in Europe.
Leopold II; Said he wanted to abolish the slavery and promote Christianity in the
Congo. He brutally exploited the locals, over 10 million died.
Rebellion in Africa
Resistance: Maji Maji rebellion, 75 thousand Africans were killed by Germans.
Ethiopia: Menelik II played European against each other, he obtained modern
weapons and defended his country from becoming colonized.
Lasting effects, the unnatural borders, combined and divided many cultures. Africa
is still a continent lacking industry, tradition/culture has been lost. European
influence, education, language and business.
Vocabulary/Terminology: Write the definition, and give an example of each.
*Direct control (p. 780)
*Indirect Control (p. 780
*Paternalism (Glossary R50, p. 781)
*Assimilation (Glossary R41, p. 781)
*Sphere of influence (Glossary R53, p. 780)
*Protectorate (p. 780)
Directions: Due at the end of class!
Step one: Get your textbook and 1 piece of paper.
Get into groups of two.
Each member must turn in assignment separately
Step Two:
Begin constructing a tree map individually.
On p. 784, one student will map the negative effects of colonialism while the
other student maps the positive effects.
Once tree maps are finished, compare and debate which one had a bigger
impact on Africa. Each student will then write a summary of their
assessment.
Directions: DUE at the end of class!
Step one: Get your textbook and 1-2 pieces of paper
Get into groups of two.
Each member must turn in assignment separately
Step Two:
Begin constructing a tree map individually.
On p. 784, one student will map the negative effects of colonialism while the other student maps the
positive effects.
Once tree maps are finished, compare and debate which one had a bigger impact on Africa. Each
student will then write a summary of their assessment.
Step Three: Read the section “African Resistance” (p. 782-738). Discuss with your partner the
contributing factors and lasting effects of each. Then, individually write a summary which
compares the success and failure of both resistance movements.
“Be kind whenever possible. It is always possible.” -Dalai Lama WU: 3/09
Wednesday = (3 more days of the grading period)
Why was Ethiopia successful in their resistance?
Where did Napoleon try to cut off Britain’s access to India?
What harm will come from being kind?
(How did modernization affect the Ottoman Empire and Egypt?)
Imperialism affects the Ottoman Empire
Geopolitics: the strategic acquisition of land. Ottoman empire once dominated the
Mediterranean and Black Seas. Weak leadership caused the empire to crumble.
The Crimean War was a battle between Russia and the Ottomans over access to
the Black Sea. The Ottomans needed the help of France and Britain to defeat the
Russians. With not enough military strength, or modern technology, the Ottomans
continued to lose territories.
Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt
To avoid being dominated by Europeans, Egypt goes begins to modernize. Ali took
a loan from France to build the Suez Canal, which connects the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea. When the project was completed Egypt was bankrupt. Britain
bought most of the canal. Britain soon had Protectorate control over Egypt.
“What can you do that is fantastic?” -Frank Zappa
WU: 3/10 2 days left of this quarter!
Why did Egypt become modernized?
Why did Britain want control of the Suez Canal?
This is a great question, please put some thought into your response.
(Can I describe the British takeover of India?)
India
Britain's textile industry kicked off the industrial revolution. Industrialized
countries need the raw materials from around the world, and they planned
on selling the finished goods back to the people that produced the
resources.
The British had been using India as a trade center since the 1600’s. With a
growing interest on India’s resources, and a population of 300 million
potential consumers of British goods, Britain expanded their control
through India.
The Jewel in the Crown
India was not allowed to produce their own goods. They were forced to only sell
raw materials to Britain and buy products from them. Britain could sell clothes to
the Indians cheaper than they could make them. This drove out local production,
and made India reliant of British products.
Different cultures within India made it difficult for the British to govern them. It was
also difficult for the Indians to unite against the British.
Key Terms:
British East India Company: British company created to control trade between Britain,
India, and East Asia, which ruled India in the name of Great Britain
Sepoy Mutiny: rebellion by Indian soldiers who fought in the British army against their
officers, set off by the introduction of a new type of British rifle
Raj: Hindi word for “rule”; term used for the era of British rule in India
Indian National Congress: first Indian nationalist organization, established in 1885 by
English-speaking Indians, most of whom were Hindu
Muslim League: organization that sought to protect the interests of Indian Muslims
“Always remember that you are absolutely unique. Just like
everyone else” -Margaret Mead WU: 3/11 LAST DAY TO TURN IN
What was Britain’s biggest military advantage during the American Revolution
and Reign of Napoleon?
Why did Britain think India could be one of their biggest consumers?
Funny right? Is it true?
(Can I explain China’s resistance to foreign involvement?)
China
China was a proud and self-sufficient country with a huge population of over 400
million. They rejected goods from the European west. They only allowed
Europeans to trade in one location, and China benefitted because they exported
more than they imported.
Europeans started smuggling opium into China, which turned into a widespread
addiction. Opium War: British naval fleet outgunned the Chinese ships. China was
forced to sign a “peace treaty”, the Treaty of Nanjing. Britain acquired Hong Kong.
Trouble in the Qing Dynasty
The rapidly growing population led to a food shortage. A rebellion broke out and a
second government was formed in the name of peace. China was now in a civil
war. It took Qing and European forces over ten years put down the Taiping
Government, between 20 and 40 million Chinese died in the process.
Boxer Rebellion: Chinese nationalist tried to drive out the foreign traders. A new
government was established, but the country was still at risk of being taken over.
“The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but
imagination.” -Albert Einstein WU: 3/14
• How many people died in the Chinese Civil War?
• What did the British trade with China that led to a conflict?
•
Do you agree?
(Can I explain how Japan responded to Imperialism?)
Japan Modernizes
Japan was very isolated from the rest of the world under the rule of Tokugawa.
Everyone wanted to trade with Japan but they refused. Matthew Perry arrived
with intimidating steam powered warships requesting access to trade. Japan
signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which allowed the United States access to trade.
Soon after the treaty was signed, Japan had countries from around the world
seeking permission to trade as well.
The Japanese realized that they were behind in technology and began to
modernize.
Becoming a World Power
Mutsuhito modernized Japan through the Meiji era, in which he modeled the best
western practices.
Japan’s government and military were like the Germans, the Navy was like the
British, and the school system was like the U.S.
Japan built a railroad, dozens of warships and had the strongest military in Asia.
Japan fights China over Korea and gets their first colonies. Now a world power,
Japan goes to war with Russia and wins. Japan brutally ruled Korea.
“Always do your best, what you plant now you will harvest
later.” -Og Mandino Tuesday: 3/22 TEST TOMORROW
• How did General Grant and Sherman
change the war?
• Explain the Lincoln assassination.
• Tomorrow is the harvest, you dig?
“Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want
to test a man's character, give him power.” Abraham
Lincoln 3.16.16 COMPLETE ON POST-IT
1. What do you know about the Civil War? Red,
Yellow, or Orange Post-Its
2. What do you want to know about the Civil War?
Blue Post-Its
3. What do you think this quote means? Agree?
Can I summarize events leading up to the Civil War?
Leading to the Civil War
• The USA had done everything it could to make sure that North and South were
equal in number, so slavery could not be undone-Mo Compromise. Territory
won in the MA War should have been free, but the
Kansas Nebraska Act was created for the people of a
territory to decide-DISASTER.
• By 1850 many people in the North knew how bad slavery was because of
Frederick Douglass (escaped slave/great author and speaker) and the book, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin.
• The Republican party formed to end slavery. Abraham Lincoln decided to run for
the Presidency in 1860. He won, despite no votes in the South.
Civil War Begins
• The South decided to secede, or break away because Lincoln wanted to stop the
expansion of slavery. They believed that this would lead to the end of slavery, and
the Southern way of life. The North had become industrious, so no slaves.
• The South began seizing federal property, including a military fort, Fort Sumter.
• When the war first started, everyone was excited and predicted a short war.
• Some slave states remained in the Union, but refused to aid the Union-Border St.
• The North thought the CW would be short and glorious. They were really wrong.
“What to the Slave is the 4th of July?”
Frederick Douglass 3.17.16
1.What/Who informed people in the
North about slavery?
2.Why did the South secede?
3.What do you think this quote means?
Agree?
Can I list and explain the turning points
of the Civil War? (Bull Run, Antietam,
Emancipation, Gettysburg and
Vicksburg)
North vs South
• The first battle was fought at Bull Run,
and the North was destroyed and had
to retreat. There were onlookers
cheering that were trampled to death.
•The North lost battle
after battle in part
because of bad generals.
South had home field
advantage.
• Lincoln had appointed General
McClellan to lead. He was terrible,
arrogant, and cautious. McClellan had
lucked into fighting Robert E. Lee’s
battleplans, but was still scared. At
Antietam Lee’s army lost and had to
retreat. The N didn’t follow because
McClellan was scared to lose. This was
the Union’s first big win.
Emancipation
• Frederick Douglass talked to Lincoln, and convinced him that the goal of the Civil
War should be to end slavery in the USA. Lincoln created the Emancipation
Proclamation, but technically, it freed no one. Lincoln would later push the 13th
Amendment through Congress, which officially ended slavery.
• At Gettysburg, the biggest battle of the Civil War, the Southern army was
absolutely destroyed. They lost the threat to take the fight to the North.
• At Vicksburg, the Union managed to take control of the Mississippi River, and cut
the South in half (Anaconda Plan).
“Be sure you put your feet in the right
place, then stand firm.” Abrham Lincoln
3.18.16
1.Why was the Battle of Bull Run
unique?
2.What is the Emancipation
Proclamation?
3.What do you think this quote means?
Agree?
Can I explain how the Civil War ended
and Lincoln’s assassination?
Total War and Peace
• President Lincoln put Grant in charge of the war in the East after Vicksburg.
• Grant tried to engage Lee in as many battles as possible, while another Union
General, Tecumseh Sherman, engaged in total war while marching towards the
Atlantic Ocean-Scorched Earth.
• Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox courthouse in 1865 to General Grant.
• The Union army was too large and destructive. Lincoln encouraged a “malice
towards none; with charity for all” policy.
• 620,000 died in the Civil War and another 500,000 were wounded.
Leading to Assassination
• To get away from the White House, he took his wife to see My American Cousin.
• John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor, and several others were determined that if
they killed Lincoln and his cabinet, that the South would rise. Booth was the only
one to succeed.
• He jumped from the private box, broke his leg, shouted “Thus always to tyrants,”
and escaped. Booth received help at a farm from a Dr, but was surrounded and
killed.
• Lincoln lived for several hours after being taken to a hotel. When he passed away
Lincoln’s friend, Edwin Stanten, remarked “Now he belongs to the ages.”
Latin American Independence
European countries dominated Latin America. As Latin
American countries gained independence, Cuba was still
controlled by Spain. For ten years, Cuba fought for their
freedom (1868-78). Spain held down the revolution and
brutally ruled
Cuba.
Spanish American War
The United States had an interest in Cuba. Being so close, their
security affected ours. We helped Cuba fight for their
independence from Spain. When the 4 month war was over, our
Military stayed in Cuba.
We took the remaining Spanish colonies. We helped Panama
gain their independence from Columbia, so we could build the
Panama Canal.