Download Chapter 4

4.1- Temperature depends on particle
movement.
• 104- The kinetic theory of matter helps explain the
different states of matter- solid, liquid, and gas. All
particles in matter have kinetic energy.
• 105- When kinetic energy in matter increases the
temperature will increase.
• 106- They have different numbers of degrees between
the freezing and boiling points. They are similar in that
they both measure temperature in terms of degrees.
• 107- A thermometer works by the liquid
expanding or contracting by a consistent
amount due to a change in temperature.
• 108- Objects expand when their temperature
increases because the particles move faster
and move apart from each other.
4.2- Energy flows from warmer to
cooler objects.
• 110- Heat is the flow of energy from warmer
to cooler objects.
• 111- Heat transfers from warmer to cooler
objects.
• 111- As heat transfers energy, the thermal
energy of the warmer object decreases, and
the thermal energy of the cooler object
increases.
• 112- Heat is measured in calories or joules.
• 113- The greater the specific heat, the more
energy is required to raise that substance’s
temperature.
• 114- The more mass that an object has, the
more thermal energy it has.
4.3- The transfer of energy as heat
can be controlled
• 117- Conductors easily transfer energy, but
insulators do not. Conductors often have low
specific heats, and insulators often have high
specific heats.
• 118- The air is more dense (2) where the air is
cool and less dense (1) where the air is
warmer.
• 119- Radiation transfers energy when
electromagnetic waves strike an object, the
waves transfer energy to the object.
• 120- In both the hollow space in a polar bear’s
hair and the empty space in a vacuum flask
they both slow down the transfer of energy
through conduction. In the hair, air is an
insulator; in the vacuum flask, the empty
space is the insulator.
• 121- Insulation keeps a building warm by
slowing the transfer of energy from the
building to the cooler outside air.