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Chapter 16
Section 4
Weather, Weather Maps and
Forecasting
A. Weather
► 1.
Weather: The daily conditions of a particular
area: temp, rain, pressure, wind, etc.
► 2. Climate- average conditions of an area over
time.
► 3. Weather Forecast- A prediction about future
weather conditions based on weather data.
► 4. Meteorologist: A scientist who studies the
weather and brings us the weather forecast, like
you see on the news. They use information they
gather from many sources to predict the weather.
► 5. Meteorology- the science of studying weather
B. Weather Forecasting Technology
• 1. Weather Balloon: Carry electronic equipment that
can measure weather conditions as high as 30 km
above the Earth’s surface.
They measure temperature, air pressure and relative
humidity.
They can also measure wind speed and direction.
• 2. Thermometer: Measures temperature
• 3. Barometer: Measures air pressure
• 4. Psychrometer: An instrument used for measuring
the water vapor content of the atmosphere.
• 5.Windsock: Cone shaped cloth bag that measures
wind direction
 6. Anemometer- Measure wind speed
 7. Radar- Finds location, movement
and amount of precipitation.
Can also predict kind of precipitation
8.Doppler Radar is used by local T.V.
stations to track precipitation.
 9. Weather Satellite
Orbit Earth and provide images of
weather systems.
Weather Instruments
Anemometer
Wind Sock
Thermometer
Barometer
Doppler
Radar
Weather
Satellite
Satellites in Space
• Satellites are tracked by United States Space
Surveillance Network (SSN), which has been tracking
every object in orbit over 10 cm (3.937 inches) in
diameter since it was founded in 1957.
• There are approximately 3,000 satellites operating in
Earth orbit, according to the US National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), out of roughly 8,000
man-made objects in total.
• In its entire history, the SSN has tracked more than
24,500 space objects orbiting Earth. The majority of
these have fallen into unstable orbits and incinerated
during reentry.
• The SSN also keeps track which piece of space junk
belongs to which country
C. Weather Map
1. A weather map can show many different
things.
1. Temperature
2. High Pressure (clear)
3. Low Pressure (cloudy)
4. Isobars
5. Rain/Snow
6. Fog
7. Warm Front
8. Cold Front
9. Severe Weather- Hurricanes
D. ISOBARS
1. An isobar is a line connecting locations
of equal barometric pressure. Certain
weather maps allow us to view High and
Low pressure systems that control the
weather. Isobar maps show where
pressures are relatively high and low,
and show us where pressure changes
are gradual or dramatic over a distance.
ISOBARS- Certain weather maps allow us to view High and Low pressure
systems that control the weather. An isobar is a line connecting locations of
equal barometric pressure. Isobar maps show where pressures are relatively
high and low, and show us where pressure changes are gradual or dramatic
over a distance.
Weather Map Symbols
Cold Front
High Pressure
Clear Weather
Warm Front
Low Pressure
Occluded Front
Cloudy Weather
Isobars:
Stationary Front
Show equal
Lines of
Pressure.
El Nino
 Winters, during the El Niño effect, are warmer
and drier than average in the Northwest,
northern Midwest, and northern Mideast United
States, so those regions experience reduced
snowfalls.
 Meanwhile, significantly wetter winters are
present in northwest Mexico and the southwest
United States, including central and southern
California, while both cooler and wetter than
average winters in northeast Mexico and the
southeast United States.
La Nina
 La Niña causes mostly the opposite effects of El
Niño, above-average precipitation across the
northern Midwest, the northern Rockies,
Northern California, and the Pacific Northwest's
southern and eastern regions.
 Meanwhile, precipitation in the southwestern
and southeastern states is below average.[7]
This also allows for the development of many
stronger-than-average hurricanes in the Atlantic
and less in the Pacific.
Terms to know:
1.Upwelling-the rising of deeper colder
ocean water to shallower depths
2. El Nino- an abnormal warming of surface
ocean waters in the Pacific Ocean
3. La Nina-characterized by unusually cold
ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean
4. Low Pressure- cloudy weather. A
hurricane is an area of low pressure
5. High Pressure- clear weather
National Weather Service (NWS)


From the NWS website you can view any
kind of weather related information.
You can even see river stages and air
quality.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
National Weather Service