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9.1 Energy Notes – The Point Is To Make ATP! Cell Energy ____________ is essential to life Organisms obtain energy from their environment: Plants: trap energy from the ______ and store it for later use ____________: eat food; in some ways, they obtain energy from plants Which of the following requires energy? (circle them) Active transport Cell division Production and transport of proteins Exercising Heart pumping Brain controlling all of the functions in your body Living Economy Fueling the economy Eat high energy organic molecules (___________) Break them down = Capture energy in the form a cell can use Need an _________ currency o A way to pass energy around What happens after you finish “work”? Body needs a quick source of energy Cellular level: energy is stored in the bonds of ____________________________ (ATP) Why is fat the choice? Humans store their excess energy as fat rather than carbohydrates…WHY? When broken down by the body, each fat molecule yields ____ ATP molecules; each carbohydrate yields _____ ATP molecules. Carbohydrates bind and store _________. The metabolism of water yields 0 ATP. Fat has no water bound to it. An adult who weighs 70 kg (~150 lbs) can survive on energy derived from stored fat for 30 days without eating. The same person would have to weigh nearly 140 kg (~310 lbs) to survive 30 days on carbohydrates. ATP Structure Adenosine molecule + 3 phosphate groups Recall: Phosphate groups are charged particles ATP (continued) Adenosine Triphosphate adenine + ___________________ + _________________ AMP AMP + _____________ ___________ ADP + _____________ ____________ ATP is __________ We cannot store ATP because: Only short term energy storage As long as phosphate groups are available the cell can make more ATP How cells use the energy… ATP is broken down and energy is released Cells must capture the energy or it is wasted Uses in the cell: How is the way a cell uses energy just like batteries in a remote?
