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1. Integumentary system : Outer layer of animals such as your skin
2. Cuticle : the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
3. Dermis : connective tissue layer of the skin located below the epidermis, containing nerve
endings, sweat and sebaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels
4. Epidermis : the part of your skin you can see (outer layer)
5. Hypodermis : The most inner layer of your skin that sticks the skin to the muscles
6. Skin : outer layer of your body
7. Hair Follicle : a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair
8. Sebaceous gland : A gland in the skin that secretes oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to
lubricate the skin and hair.
9. Digestive system :
10. Mouth : the part of your body where you breathe or eat with
11. Teeth
12. Premolar
13. Molar
14. Canine
15. Incisors
16. Taste gland : the glands on your tongue that allows tasting
17. Umami
18. Sour
19. Sweet
20. Salty
21. Bitter
22. Salivary gland : the gland in your mouth that produces saliva, which softens and breaks down the
food into digestive sizes and texture
23. Tongue
24. Pharynx : the way where it is determines whether the air or food is going to the esophagus or
trachea
25. Esophagus : the passageway from the pharynx until the stomach
26. Liver: an organ that makes bile (pH that digests fats), builds proteins, gets and makes glucose. It
also gets nutrients from food.
27. Gallbladder : organ that stores bile and sends it to the duodenum to help it digest fat easier
28. Pancreas: glandular organ that makes many important hormones such as insulin and makes
digestive enzymes to help digestion in the small intestine.
29. Stomach: organ that contains food and digests it with enzymes such as pepsinogen
30. Duodenum: the organ that receives the digested food from the stomach and absorbs nutrients
31. Small intestine: organ after the duodenum that absorbs nutrients, and digests both chemically and
mechanically
32. Large intestine: absorbs water, makes, moves, stores the feces
33. Rectum: part of the digestive system that stores the feces, peristaltic waves pushes the feces out
of the rectum
34. Anus : part of the digestive system that controls the expulsion of feces
35. Excretory system
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Secretion: excretion
Kidney : the organ of the excretory system that makes pee
Broman’s capsule : a capsule looking skin protecting the glomerulus
Glomerulus: part of the kidney that filters blood
Henle’s loop: part of the kidney that adjusts the amount of water
Proximal convoluted tubule: the part of the kidney that reabsorbs glucose
Distal convoluted tubule: the part of the kidney that reabsorbs salt
Collective duct: the part of the kidney that collects everything at the end so that it can go to the
ureter
Medulla: the inner layer of the kidney
Cortex : the outer layer of the kidney
Pelvis : The broadened top part of the ureter into which the kidney tubules drain
Ureter : the thin line that connects the kidney with the bladder
Urethra : the tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals
Bladder : where urine is collected
Tear
Sweat
Circulatory system
Artery
Veins
Circulation: blood flowing in your body
Systemic route: the route where rich-oxygen blood is distributed to the body
Pulmonary route: the route where deoxygenated blood is going back to the lungs
Capillary beds: tiny blood vessels that allow the diffusion
Blood
Cardiovascular system
Heart: the center of the circulatory system, this organ has 4 chambers and one septum in the
middle
Atrium: the top chambers of the heart, blood enters using these chambers both left and right.
Ventricles: the bottom chambers of the heart, blood leaves the heart using these chambers
Septum: the middle part of the heart that divides left and right.
Respiratory system
Larynx : the voice box
Trachea : the passageway of air between pharynx and the bronchi
Bronchi : where the trachea splits into two
Lungs : two saclike respiratory organs in the chest to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen
to the blood
Alveoli : elastic sacs that are covered by capillary beds
Central Nervous system
Action potential : the change of electrical potential
Neuron : nerve cell
Axon : the way information is sent from the soma to another neuron
Soma : the cell body of a neuron
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Dendrite : the part of the neuron that picks up information from other neurons
Myelin sheath: the part of the neuron that covers the axon
Axon terminal bud : the part where the axon ends
Neurotransmitter : the information sent from the neurons
Synapse : the junction between two neurons
Brain
Frontal lobe : the front part of the brain that is used for the conscious mind, makes final decision
Parietal lobe : the part of the brain involved in thinking but mostly for processing pain
Temporal lobe : the part of the brain that deals with sound and auditory system as it affects the
way we think
85. Occipital lobe : the part of the brain that controls the vision
86. Cortex : the part of the brain for basic thoughts
87. Neo cortex : the part of the brain for rational thoughts and emotions, and sends those information
to the frontal lobe to make the final decision
88. Hypothalamus : brain part that connects emotion to memories
89. Hippocampus : brain part that controls memories with emotions
90. Brocca’s area : brain part that controls speech
91. Limbic system : brain part that controls emotion controlling regions
92. Amygdala : brain part in the middle that controls basic emotions such as fear or anger
93. Thalamus : the part that sends the actual information to find the solution
94. Corpus callamus : the part that connects the left and right part of the brain
95. Medulla oblongata : controls movement
96. Cerebellum : controls emergency movement before we think
97. Pituitary gland : the master hormone gland that controls all the hormones
98. Alzheimer : when the neurons get tangled
99. Dementia: crazy
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Multiple sclerosis : myelin sheath is gone
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Musculoskeletal system
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Antagonistic muscles : muscles that are linked with certain bones, allowing them to move
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Bones
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Spongy bone : the middle layer of the bone that is spongy
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Compact bone : the first layer of the bone that is hard
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Yellow marrow : the most inner layer of the bone that contains new blood cells
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Muscles
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Filament
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Contraction
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Actin : a protein that contracts the muscle when used with myosin
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Myosin : protein, when the muscle contracts, myosin walks across actin
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Biceps :
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Triceps
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Tendon
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Ligament : the thing that connects bones with muscles
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Joint : the thing that connects bones with bones
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Ball and socket joint : a type of joint that allows 360 degrees free movement
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Fixed joint : the type of joint that is fixed and doesn’t allow any movement
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Ellipsoidal joint : the type if joint that has limited rotation
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Saddle joint : the type of joint on people’s thumb that does not allow 360 degrees of
rotation
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Gliding joint : the type of joint that
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Spine joint
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Pivot joint
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Slightly movable joint
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Hinge joint
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Immune system: protection of the body against pathogens
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Pathogens: anything that is foreign
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Red blood cell: cells in the blood that makes blood red
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White blood cell: cells that fight against pathogens
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Antigen: anything that shows a different structure
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Antibody : a glycoprotein that binds to the antigen
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Antibody antigen complex: when the antibody and antigen fits
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Mast cell : the cell that attracts other parts of the immune system
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Eosinophil : one of the white blood cells that uses phagocytosis to digest the antigens
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Neutrophils: another one of the white blood cells that uses phagocytosis to digest the
antigens
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Macrophage: a kind of the white blood cell that digests the antigen and then keep it in
their membrane to present the antigens to the B and T cells
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Helper-T cell : a kind of white blood cells that figures out what antibody to use, and
sends the info to the Killer-T cell and B-cell
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Killer-T cell: cytotoxic white blood cell that gets the antibody from the Helper-T cell,
makes the antibody, and when the antibody-antigen complex is made, digests the cell externally
by enzymes.
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B-cell: type of white blood cell that produces many antibodies that bind the antigen and
immobilizes it. Only works for something small like viruses but not bacteria.
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Memory B-cell: short term memory of the antibody that goes for the antigen. Tells the
Helper-T cell as soon as they recognize the antigen.
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Memory T-cell: long term memory of the antibody that goes for the antigen, goes for
almost 20 to 30 years
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Interferon: chemicals that are used to attack old enemies from generations ago