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Chapter 4 - Villanova University
Chapter 4 - Villanova University

... views of a database? – What are the fundamental concepts of database systems such as DBMS, schemas, the data dictionary, and DBMS languages? – What is a relational database, and how does it organize data? – How are tables structured to properly store data in a relational database? © 2008 Prentice Ha ...
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... Database objects are different from ordinary Java objects (other systems and specs, like JDO, respectively call them "primary" and "secondary", or "first-class" and "second-class"). Only one instance of a given database object reference exists in the database, as opposed to standard Java objects, wh ...
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... – If master replicates asynchronously, no write lags but can lose W if master crashes – If synchronous, one slave can lag but not lost, however, R cannot go to any slave if strict consistency – If master crashes, slave with most recent version new master – Master/slave model good if R/W ratio high – ...
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... The market for database management systems (DBMSs) is maturing – emerging technologies are being introduced, aging products are being discarded – and with a focus on reducing total cost of ownership (TCO), enterprise organizations can use it as an opportunity to replace and consolidate DBMS infrastr ...
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Concurrency control

In information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible.Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules. When components that operate concurrently interact by messaging or by sharing accessed data (in memory or storage), a certain component's consistency may be violated by another component. The general area of concurrency control provides rules, methods, design methodologies, and theories to maintain the consistency of components operating concurrently while interacting, and thus the consistency and correctness of the whole system. Introducing concurrency control into a system means applying operation constraints which typically result in some performance reduction. Operation consistency and correctness should be achieved with as good as possible efficiency, without reducing performance below reasonable levels. Concurrency control can require significant additional complexity and overhead in a concurrent algorithm compared to the simpler sequential algorithm.For example, a failure in concurrency control can result in data corruption from torn read or write operations.
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