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Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Motivation – Serotonin example – ATP-gated cation channel activity ...
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... IC: condition that must be true for any instance of the database; e.g., domain constraints. – ICs are specified when schema is defined. – ICs are checked when relations are modified. ...
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... With the exception of modest user intervention, the parameter collector has been automated. Prior to running the parameter collector, the user is required to provide a configuration file containing several database settings: page size, a directory where database file(s) are to be stored, database co ...
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... Key of relation ; a subset of attributes Unique identification ; e.g. the key attributes is a phone directory in a set of last name, first name and address. non redundancy ; any key attribute selected and tabulated should keep the key's uniqueness. e.g. address can not be dropped from telephone addr ...
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... acceptable, or valid, format. Imagine that one of your database users has entered an order date of January 4, 2013 in the month/date/year format, as 01/04/2013. Another user has entered an order placed on that same date in the day/month/year format, as 04/01/2013. Now, if the database is tracking al ...
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Concurrency control

In information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible.Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules. When components that operate concurrently interact by messaging or by sharing accessed data (in memory or storage), a certain component's consistency may be violated by another component. The general area of concurrency control provides rules, methods, design methodologies, and theories to maintain the consistency of components operating concurrently while interacting, and thus the consistency and correctness of the whole system. Introducing concurrency control into a system means applying operation constraints which typically result in some performance reduction. Operation consistency and correctness should be achieved with as good as possible efficiency, without reducing performance below reasonable levels. Concurrency control can require significant additional complexity and overhead in a concurrent algorithm compared to the simpler sequential algorithm.For example, a failure in concurrency control can result in data corruption from torn read or write operations.
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