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Chapter 13 Preventing Infectious Diseases
Chapter 13 Preventing Infectious Diseases

... bacteria. You must take all of the prescribed medicine or it can come back! ...
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... Differential diagnosis The presenting signs are similar to those seen in acute coccidiosis and, of course, with any case of high mortality one should satisfy oneself that neither virulent Newcastle disease nor virulent avian influenza is involved. As was mentioned, nephrosis is often seen in Gumboro ...
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... Disease is highly contagious Less so than measles (rubeola) 40% of infected people fail to develop symptoms Infectious 7 days before appearance of rash to 7 days after ...
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... Describe briefly the process you used to trace the infection back to its source. List three steps can be taken to prevent infections from spreading? In this simulation, what represented the antigen? What type of cell fights infection in humans? Name two types of these cells and explain how they figh ...
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childhood infections. Diagnosis and management

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... fifth disease. About 50% of women have already had fifth disease (are immune), so they and their babies are not at risk. Even if a woman is susceptible and gets infected with parvovirus B19, she usually experiences only mild illness. Likewise, her unborn baby usually does not have any problems cause ...
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... particularly coxsackie virus A16). It causes blisters on the hands and feet, in the mouth and often in the ‘nappy’ area. It is generally only a mild disease that lasts seven to ten days. HFMD is more common during warmer weather and tends to spread easily between children. There is no connection bet ...
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Herpes Zoster - Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program

... Persons who have never had primary varicella infection are at risk of developing chickenpox if they are exposed directly to the draining vesicles of shingles. For this reason, several precautions should be taken to decrease the risk to non-immune persons. Caregivers should wear gloves when examining ...
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Chickenpox



Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.
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