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Antifungal Drugs
Antifungal Drugs

... Liver: severe hepatotoxic reactions, until the development of hepatitis. Endocrine system: impaired production of testosterone and corticosteroids, accompanied by gynecomastia, oligospermia, impotence, female menstrual cycle. ...
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... The student learns about the different methods the body has to fight off infectious diseases. First, students learn about the names and locations of components of the immune system. Then they progress through an animation of both nonspecific and specific immune response. Germ Blaster Challenge The s ...
Chapter 18
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... • Prevalent cause of meningitis; sporadic or epidemic • Human reservoir – nasopharynx; 3-30% of adult population; higher in institutional settings • High risk individuals are those living in close quarters, children 6 months-3 years, children and young adults 10-20 years • Disease begins when bacter ...
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... – virus affects carp at all ages but victims are mostly young fish. – Outbreaks depend on the temperature – High mortality occurs at water temperatures of 10 to 17°C, typically in spring. – At >20 °C, elevated immune response protects carp from infection and re-infection ...
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... as part of their routine immunization. Starting on January 1, 2005, the publicly funded vaccine will also be available for children aged 12 years (generally in grade 7) and youth aged 15 to 19 years, as well as people with medical conditions (i.e., functional or anatomic asplenia or complement, prop ...
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A1.4.3.Epidemiologist
A1.4.3.Epidemiologist

... pinpoint the source of the infection, you decide to interview the students who are showing symptoms about the foods that they consumed in the school cafeteria. Once you know which foods each student consumed, you can calculate an attack rate for each specific food item. An attack rate is defined as ...
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Chickenpox



Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.
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