Gasoline Prices and Road Fatalities: International Evidence
... population, respectively. There are around 9 road deaths per 100,000 population each year in high-income countries. Up to 50 million people worldwide also suffer non-fatal injuries each year, which carries large human and financial costs. The global road death toll is expected to increase to around ...
... population, respectively. There are around 9 road deaths per 100,000 population each year in high-income countries. Up to 50 million people worldwide also suffer non-fatal injuries each year, which carries large human and financial costs. The global road death toll is expected to increase to around ...
Stock Markets Dynamics in Oil-Dependent Economies: Evidence from the GCC Countries:
... market has a dominant role in influencing the other GCC markets, while Saudi Arabia’s market is slow in receiving shocks from these markets. Hammoudeh and Aleisa (2004) examine the link between the indices of five GCC stock markets and between the indices and the oil future prices. They use daily da ...
... market has a dominant role in influencing the other GCC markets, while Saudi Arabia’s market is slow in receiving shocks from these markets. Hammoudeh and Aleisa (2004) examine the link between the indices of five GCC stock markets and between the indices and the oil future prices. They use daily da ...
Gasoline Demand, Pricing Policy and Social Welfare in
... income, GDP and non-oil GDP per capita were used as proxies. When real GDP per capita was used as a measure of household income, the income elasticity was found to be 0.15. When real non-oil GDP per capita was used, however, the income elasticity was found to be 0.61. Furthermore, the additional ter ...
... income, GDP and non-oil GDP per capita were used as proxies. When real GDP per capita was used as a measure of household income, the income elasticity was found to be 0.15. When real non-oil GDP per capita was used, however, the income elasticity was found to be 0.61. Furthermore, the additional ter ...
Informational Frictions and Commodity Markets
... and spot prices,3 our analysis provides a coherent argument for how the large inflow of investment capital to commodity futures markets during the 2000s might have amplified the boom and bust of commodity prices in 2007 to 2008. By interfering with the price signals, informational noise from the inv ...
... and spot prices,3 our analysis provides a coherent argument for how the large inflow of investment capital to commodity futures markets during the 2000s might have amplified the boom and bust of commodity prices in 2007 to 2008. By interfering with the price signals, informational noise from the inv ...
subject economics - Kendriya Vidyalaya CRPF Durgapur, West Bengal
... commodity as followsThe demand for normal goods tends to increase with increase in consumer income and vice-versa. On the other hand, the demand for inferior goods tends to decrease with increase in consumer income and vice-versa iii) Taste and preferences- When taste and preferences are in favour o ...
... commodity as followsThe demand for normal goods tends to increase with increase in consumer income and vice-versa. On the other hand, the demand for inferior goods tends to decrease with increase in consumer income and vice-versa iii) Taste and preferences- When taste and preferences are in favour o ...
Do increases in oil prices precede US recessions?
... Table 2: Dates of oil shocks .............................................................................................. 25 Table 3: Turning points in oil price identified using the Bry- Boschan method .............. 32 Table 4: Turning points in GDP identified using the Bry- Boschan method...... ...
... Table 2: Dates of oil shocks .............................................................................................. 25 Table 3: Turning points in oil price identified using the Bry- Boschan method .............. 32 Table 4: Turning points in GDP identified using the Bry- Boschan method...... ...
Rethinking the Supply Response to Market Reforms in Agriculture
... endogenous prices are a primary vehicle through which influences are transmitted among (and within) households in the local economy. Table 1 summarizes how the prices a given household “sees” are determined under alternative agr icultural household and village model specifications. In what we call t ...
... endogenous prices are a primary vehicle through which influences are transmitted among (and within) households in the local economy. Table 1 summarizes how the prices a given household “sees” are determined under alternative agr icultural household and village model specifications. In what we call t ...
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table
... (1964)-Samuelson (1964) or “Penn effect” (Samuelson, 1994). In this context, we argue that it is highly misleading to use a single good – even a traded good – as numeraire to measure “real” GDP. If the law of one price holds, then that approach is equivalent to deflating GDP across countries using t ...
... (1964)-Samuelson (1964) or “Penn effect” (Samuelson, 1994). In this context, we argue that it is highly misleading to use a single good – even a traded good – as numeraire to measure “real” GDP. If the law of one price holds, then that approach is equivalent to deflating GDP across countries using t ...
mmi09 Peersman 9031972 en
... particular, inflationary effects in the US are mainly driven by direct effects of rising energy prices in the consumption basket and indirect effects of increased production costs for non-energy goods and services. The latter is captured by significant higher import prices and core inflation whereas ...
... particular, inflationary effects in the US are mainly driven by direct effects of rising energy prices in the consumption basket and indirect effects of increased production costs for non-energy goods and services. The latter is captured by significant higher import prices and core inflation whereas ...
BASIC ECON REVIEW QUESTIONS/ANSWERS ALL CHAPTERS
... B. the price of A has increased and, as a result, consumers want to purchase less of it. C. consumer preferences have changed in favor of A so that they now want to buy more at each possible price. D. the price of A has decreased and, as a result, consumers want to purchase more of it. 54. Other thi ...
... B. the price of A has increased and, as a result, consumers want to purchase less of it. C. consumer preferences have changed in favor of A so that they now want to buy more at each possible price. D. the price of A has decreased and, as a result, consumers want to purchase more of it. 54. Other thi ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
... 95. ……………… demand forecasting is prepared by different trade association in order to estimate the demand for particular industries products a. Macro level b. Industry level c. Firm level d. None of these 96. ……………forecasting is more important from managerial view point as it help ...
... 95. ……………… demand forecasting is prepared by different trade association in order to estimate the demand for particular industries products a. Macro level b. Industry level c. Firm level d. None of these 96. ……………forecasting is more important from managerial view point as it help ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LAND-PRICE DYNAMICS AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS Zheng Liu Pengfei Wang
... LAND-PRICE DYNAMICS AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS I. Introduction The recent financial crisis caused by a collapse of the housing market propelled the U.S. economy into the Great Recession. A notable development during the crisis period was a slump in business investment in tandem with a sharp dec ...
... LAND-PRICE DYNAMICS AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS I. Introduction The recent financial crisis caused by a collapse of the housing market propelled the U.S. economy into the Great Recession. A notable development during the crisis period was a slump in business investment in tandem with a sharp dec ...
Block I - Bhoj University
... products, but usually does not change much in the short run. 4. Expectations - When you expect the price of a good to go up in the future, you tend to increase your demand today. This is another example of the rule of substitution, since you are substituting away from the expected relatively more ex ...
... products, but usually does not change much in the short run. 4. Expectations - When you expect the price of a good to go up in the future, you tend to increase your demand today. This is another example of the rule of substitution, since you are substituting away from the expected relatively more ex ...
Inflation in the open economy: A norwegian model
... the decreasing number of employers and self-employed relative to the number of employees within the group. 5 In the exposed industries, which are much more sensitive to the movements of the national cost level relative to that of other countries and also to the business cycle, the profit share has f ...
... the decreasing number of employers and self-employed relative to the number of employees within the group. 5 In the exposed industries, which are much more sensitive to the movements of the national cost level relative to that of other countries and also to the business cycle, the profit share has f ...
Inflation in Pakistan: Money or Oil Prices
... cost push inflation is when the raw material used in production becomes expensive and when the import prices of products increases due to devaluation of imported goods means the local currency is needed more for purchase of the same amount of imported goods. Increase in government taxes causes the g ...
... cost push inflation is when the raw material used in production becomes expensive and when the import prices of products increases due to devaluation of imported goods means the local currency is needed more for purchase of the same amount of imported goods. Increase in government taxes causes the g ...
Land-Price Dynamics and Macroeconomic Fluctuations
... equilibrium framework. We focus on land prices because most of the fluctuations in house prices are driven by land prices rather than by the cost of structures (Davis and Heathcote, 2007). We first establish evidence that land prices move together with macroeconomic variables not just in the Great R ...
... equilibrium framework. We focus on land prices because most of the fluctuations in house prices are driven by land prices rather than by the cost of structures (Davis and Heathcote, 2007). We first establish evidence that land prices move together with macroeconomic variables not just in the Great R ...
Review Questions and Answers for Chapter 11
... decline in real estate values or a stock market decline would cause a decrease in consumer wealth. If consumers expected prices to fall in the future, or a recession which creates insecurity about jobs, they might cut back on spending now. If business taxes were raised, or some present tax breaks el ...
... decline in real estate values or a stock market decline would cause a decrease in consumer wealth. If consumers expected prices to fall in the future, or a recession which creates insecurity about jobs, they might cut back on spending now. If business taxes were raised, or some present tax breaks el ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT BA HISTORY/BA POLITICAL SCIENCE
... It is through effective growth of resources and improved technology by countries like America, Canada, Russia, West European countries and Japan that their economies are rich and developed leading to a higher standard of living. It has, therefore, become most essential for all economies especially t ...
... It is through effective growth of resources and improved technology by countries like America, Canada, Russia, West European countries and Japan that their economies are rich and developed leading to a higher standard of living. It has, therefore, become most essential for all economies especially t ...
After the Boom–Commodity Prices and Economic Growth in
... Following nearly a decade of rapid, broad-based gains, international commodity prices peaked in mid-2011 and have fallen somewhat since then (Figure 1). Many analysts now argue that the upward phase of the commodity “super-cycle” that started in the early 2000s has run its course.2 Indeed, most mark ...
... Following nearly a decade of rapid, broad-based gains, international commodity prices peaked in mid-2011 and have fallen somewhat since then (Figure 1). Many analysts now argue that the upward phase of the commodity “super-cycle” that started in the early 2000s has run its course.2 Indeed, most mark ...
The Variety and Quality of a Nation`s Exports
... States would be an example of Njmi ⬎ 1. Of course, the more disaggregated the trade data, the more cross-category variety is captured by the observable categories (the I’s). In the data section we examine the sensitivity of our results to changing levels of aggregation. And although unobserved, with ...
... States would be an example of Njmi ⬎ 1. Of course, the more disaggregated the trade data, the more cross-category variety is captured by the observable categories (the I’s). In the data section we examine the sensitivity of our results to changing levels of aggregation. And although unobserved, with ...
Ch15.aggregate demand - Emporia State University
... fluctuations in the economy’s output of goods and services. – In the long run, shifts in aggregate demand affect the overall price level but do not affect output. – Policymakers who influence aggregate demand can potentially mitigate the severity of economic fluctuations. ...
... fluctuations in the economy’s output of goods and services. – In the long run, shifts in aggregate demand affect the overall price level but do not affect output. – Policymakers who influence aggregate demand can potentially mitigate the severity of economic fluctuations. ...
Inflation in Developing Asia: Demand-Pull or Cost-Push?
... Rising inflation has emerged as by far the biggest macroeconomic challenge confronting developing Asia in 2008 and will remain a challenge in the coming year. In fact, inflation as measured by consumer price indices (CPI) gathered momentum throughout 2007 and accelerated sharply in the first half of ...
... Rising inflation has emerged as by far the biggest macroeconomic challenge confronting developing Asia in 2008 and will remain a challenge in the coming year. In fact, inflation as measured by consumer price indices (CPI) gathered momentum throughout 2007 and accelerated sharply in the first half of ...
PDF
... Commodities are typically sold using agricultural contracts or cash sales, but the information provided for cash sales in the data set is limited. The ARMS data include detailed information on marketing and production contracts used by farmers to sell their crop and livestock commodities. The survey ...
... Commodities are typically sold using agricultural contracts or cash sales, but the information provided for cash sales in the data set is limited. The ARMS data include detailed information on marketing and production contracts used by farmers to sell their crop and livestock commodities. The survey ...
Lesson 8 - ECO 151
... The interest rate effect explains the impact that the price level has on interest rates, and thus on certain components of AD. When the price level goes up, people need more money to transact their daily purchases. Therefore, higher prices lead to an increase in the demand for money. With a fixed am ...
... The interest rate effect explains the impact that the price level has on interest rates, and thus on certain components of AD. When the price level goes up, people need more money to transact their daily purchases. Therefore, higher prices lead to an increase in the demand for money. With a fixed am ...
Should the Central Bank Be Concerned About Housing Prices?
... trade-off between stabilizing the inflation rates in the two sectors and cannot replicate the flexible-price equilibrium allocations. In the standard two-sector model, the optimal monetary policy literature suggests that the optimal relative weight of a particular sector’s inflation should depend on the ...
... trade-off between stabilizing the inflation rates in the two sectors and cannot replicate the flexible-price equilibrium allocations. In the standard two-sector model, the optimal monetary policy literature suggests that the optimal relative weight of a particular sector’s inflation should depend on the ...
2000s commodities boom
The 2000s commodities boom or the commodities super cycle was the rise in many physical commodity prices (such as those of food stuffs, oil, metals, chemicals, fuels and the like) which occurred during the decade of the 2000s (2000–2009), following the Great Commodities Depression of the 1980s and 1990s. The boom was largely due to the rising demand from emerging markets such as the BRIC countries, as well as the result of concerns over long-term supply availability. There was a sharp down-turn in prices during 2008 and early 2009 as a result of the credit crunch and sovereign debt crisis, but prices began to rise as demand recovered from late 2009 to mid-2010. Oil began to slip downwards after mid-2010, but peaked at $101.80 on 30 and 31 January 2011, as then Egyptian political crisis and rioting broke out, leading to concerns over both the safe use of the Suez Canal and over all security in Arabia itself. On 3 March, Libya's National Oil Corp said that output had halved due to the departure of foreign workers. As this happened, Brent Crude surged to a new high of above $116.00 a barrel as supply disruptions and potential for more unrest in the Middle East and North Africa continued to worry investors. Thus the price of oil kept rising into the 2010s. The commodities super-cycle peaked in 2011, ""driven by a combination of strong demand from emerging nations and low supply growth."" Prior to 2002, only 5 to 10 per cent of trading in the commodities market was attributable to investors. Since 2002 ""30 per cent of trading is attributable to investors in the commodities market"" which ""has caused higher price volatility.""