Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... irregularity of the spared myelin sheath.” “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the kyphotic group, “the small blood vessels in the compressed spinal cord showed a marked reduction in the network size, a decrease in number, interruption ...
... irregularity of the spared myelin sheath.” “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the kyphotic group, “the small blood vessels in the compressed spinal cord showed a marked reduction in the network size, a decrease in number, interruption ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... and C, are shown. Group B neurons obtain neurotrophic factors from four sources: (i) from target cells or neurons [group A neurons secrete this neurotrophic factor (red dots) which binds to receptors on the axon terminals of neurons B, and is internalized and retrogradely transported (direction of r ...
... and C, are shown. Group B neurons obtain neurotrophic factors from four sources: (i) from target cells or neurons [group A neurons secrete this neurotrophic factor (red dots) which binds to receptors on the axon terminals of neurons B, and is internalized and retrogradely transported (direction of r ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... cyclase (SGC), the enzyme that produces cGMP, is asymmetrically localized to the apical dendrites, and seems to be necessary for dendritic attraction11. This provides a potential mechanism by which high cGMP concentrations in the dendrites and low concentrations in the axons could account for their ...
... cyclase (SGC), the enzyme that produces cGMP, is asymmetrically localized to the apical dendrites, and seems to be necessary for dendritic attraction11. This provides a potential mechanism by which high cGMP concentrations in the dendrites and low concentrations in the axons could account for their ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... framework, a mature, fully developed neuron is challenged by partial removal of a specific morphological compartment, namely, its axon. To restore its fully differentiated state, an injured neuron must specifically initiate axonal growth while retaining the mature properties of the undamaged dendrit ...
... framework, a mature, fully developed neuron is challenged by partial removal of a specific morphological compartment, namely, its axon. To restore its fully differentiated state, an injured neuron must specifically initiate axonal growth while retaining the mature properties of the undamaged dendrit ...
Spinal Cord - HCC Learning Web
... • A pathway that has only one synapse in CNS Polysynaptic Reflex Arc: • A route that has 2 or more synapse in CNS Ipsilateral Reflex Arc: • Where the sensory impulse enters the spinal cord on the same side the motor impulse exits Contralateral Reflex Arc: • Where the sensory impulse enters the spina ...
... • A pathway that has only one synapse in CNS Polysynaptic Reflex Arc: • A route that has 2 or more synapse in CNS Ipsilateral Reflex Arc: • Where the sensory impulse enters the spinal cord on the same side the motor impulse exits Contralateral Reflex Arc: • Where the sensory impulse enters the spina ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... and NG2, are expressed near the proximal and distal interfaces (Plant and others 2001). Moreover, the CS-56 antigen and phosphacan are more heavily expressed at the distal than the proximal interface only when SCs are present in the channel. We do not yet understand in what ways SCs interact differe ...
... and NG2, are expressed near the proximal and distal interfaces (Plant and others 2001). Moreover, the CS-56 antigen and phosphacan are more heavily expressed at the distal than the proximal interface only when SCs are present in the channel. We do not yet understand in what ways SCs interact differe ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... IN-1. Nogo-A is found in CNS myelin and is highly expressed by oligodendrocytes but not by Schwann cells. A 66-residue putative extracellular domain sequence (Nogo-66), common to all three forms, inhibits axonal extension and induces the collapse of growth cones. It is now clear, however, that sever ...
... IN-1. Nogo-A is found in CNS myelin and is highly expressed by oligodendrocytes but not by Schwann cells. A 66-residue putative extracellular domain sequence (Nogo-66), common to all three forms, inhibits axonal extension and induces the collapse of growth cones. It is now clear, however, that sever ...
Netrin
Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. They are named after the Sanskrit word ""netr"", which means ""one who guides."" Netrins are genetically conserved across nematode worms, fruit flies, frogs, mice, and humans. Structurally, netrin resembles the extracellular matrix protein laminin.Netrins are chemotropic; a growing axon will either move towards or away from a higher concentration of netrin. Though the detailed mechanism of axon guidance is not fully understood, it is known that netrin attraction is mediated through UNC-40/DCC cell surface receptors and repulsion is mediated through UNC-5 receptors. Netrins also act as growth factors, encouraging cell growth activities in target cells. Mice deficient in netrin fail to form the hippocampal comissure or the corpus callosum.A proposed model for netrin activity in the spinal column of developing human embryos is that netrins are released by the floor plate and then are picked up by receptor proteins embedded in the growth cones of axons belonging to neurons in the developing spinal column. The bodies of these neurons remain stationary while the axons follow a path defined by netrins, eventually connecting to neurons inside the embryonic brain by developing synapses. Research supports that new axons tend to follow previously traced pathways, rather than being guided by netrins or related chemotropic factors.