I. Exam Section I Fundamental Cell Theory and Taxonomy (Chapter
... b. Chromosomal gene arrangements 1. Chromosomes contain long strings of genes 2. Genes can reside on either strand c. Single gene components 1. Coding sequences are exons, noncoding are introns 2. Signals in DNA tell RNA polymerase where to start- stop d. Nuclear RNA, mRNA and Protein 1. The 5’ cap, ...
... b. Chromosomal gene arrangements 1. Chromosomes contain long strings of genes 2. Genes can reside on either strand c. Single gene components 1. Coding sequences are exons, noncoding are introns 2. Signals in DNA tell RNA polymerase where to start- stop d. Nuclear RNA, mRNA and Protein 1. The 5’ cap, ...
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Webquest
... Step 5: Match up the parts of this analogy between protein synthesis and a candy factory 1. mRNA is created and copied from DNA a. worker’s pick up ingredients 2. mRNA exits through a nuclear pore, goes to cytoplasm, ribosomes b. workers read recipe and combine ...
... Step 5: Match up the parts of this analogy between protein synthesis and a candy factory 1. mRNA is created and copied from DNA a. worker’s pick up ingredients 2. mRNA exits through a nuclear pore, goes to cytoplasm, ribosomes b. workers read recipe and combine ...
RNA polymerase - Industrial ISD
... Fig. 17.6a Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Fig. 17.6a Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... • Alternative choices for certain splice sites in primary RNA transcript ...
... • Alternative choices for certain splice sites in primary RNA transcript ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... Control of Transcription DNA has “on” and “off” switches Activator –protein that binds near gene’s promoter region - allows RNA polymerase to transcribe (allows it to fit) Repressor – protein that binds to DNA and prevents RNA polymerase from binding -coded for by “regulator” gene ...
... Control of Transcription DNA has “on” and “off” switches Activator –protein that binds near gene’s promoter region - allows RNA polymerase to transcribe (allows it to fit) Repressor – protein that binds to DNA and prevents RNA polymerase from binding -coded for by “regulator” gene ...
Lecture 7
... • Carries amino acids to the ribosome • Recognize and base-pair with a specific codon and deliver appropriate amino acid to site • Recognition occurs because each tRNA has an anti-codon, which is complementary to codon on mRNA ...
... • Carries amino acids to the ribosome • Recognize and base-pair with a specific codon and deliver appropriate amino acid to site • Recognition occurs because each tRNA has an anti-codon, which is complementary to codon on mRNA ...
Protein Synthesis
... Location: in the cytoplasm, on the ribosome Purpose: to convert the instructions of RNA (order of bases) into amino acids, this will make up the protein. Events of translation: 1.) The first three bases of mRNA (codon) join the ribosome. AUG – is the start codon 2.) tRNA brings the amino acid down t ...
... Location: in the cytoplasm, on the ribosome Purpose: to convert the instructions of RNA (order of bases) into amino acids, this will make up the protein. Events of translation: 1.) The first three bases of mRNA (codon) join the ribosome. AUG – is the start codon 2.) tRNA brings the amino acid down t ...
Protein Synthesis
... sequences of bases within the proteincoding sequences that do not code for amino acids in the final protein noncoding regions within the genes are called introns (intervening sequences) protein-coding sequences are called exons (expressed sequences) a eukaryotic gene may have multiple introns and ex ...
... sequences of bases within the proteincoding sequences that do not code for amino acids in the final protein noncoding regions within the genes are called introns (intervening sequences) protein-coding sequences are called exons (expressed sequences) a eukaryotic gene may have multiple introns and ex ...
Chapter 21 (Part 2)
... heterogeneous nuclear RNA) are usually first "capped" by a guanylyl group • The reaction is catalyzed by guanylyl transferase • Capping G residue is methylated at 7position • Additional methylations occur at 2'-O positions of next two residues and at 6amino of the first adenine • Modification requir ...
... heterogeneous nuclear RNA) are usually first "capped" by a guanylyl group • The reaction is catalyzed by guanylyl transferase • Capping G residue is methylated at 7position • Additional methylations occur at 2'-O positions of next two residues and at 6amino of the first adenine • Modification requir ...
From Gene to Protein—Transcription and Translation
... Complete the following sentence to describe how differences in a gene can result in normal hemoglobin vs. sickle cell. Differences in the sequence of _____________________ in the gene result in differences in the sequence of ______________________ in mRNA which result in differences in the sequence ...
... Complete the following sentence to describe how differences in a gene can result in normal hemoglobin vs. sickle cell. Differences in the sequence of _____________________ in the gene result in differences in the sequence of ______________________ in mRNA which result in differences in the sequence ...
Necessary Components for Translation
... Necessary Components for Translation 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): • Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. • Facilitates coupling of mRNA to tRNA. • Huge molecule: Large and small subunits must assemble for translation. • Ribosome composition: 60% rRNA and 40% protein • Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carries ...
... Necessary Components for Translation 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): • Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. • Facilitates coupling of mRNA to tRNA. • Huge molecule: Large and small subunits must assemble for translation. • Ribosome composition: 60% rRNA and 40% protein • Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carries ...
Name: Date: Quiz name: Unit 4 Quiz (Replication/ transcription and tr
... DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be ...
... DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be ...
RNA Structure and Function
... 2. This system allows the DNA to be held in a protected area of the cell, yet still be used. It is analogous to a “reference book” within a library. The information must be copied from the master copy to be removed from the protective location and used in a remote location. 3. The information is co ...
... 2. This system allows the DNA to be held in a protected area of the cell, yet still be used. It is analogous to a “reference book” within a library. The information must be copied from the master copy to be removed from the protective location and used in a remote location. 3. The information is co ...
biology name
... 14. Codons are found on _________ while anticodons are found on _________. In each case, the code is really a sequence of ____ bases (use a number) that code for a particular _____________________. 15. What would the transfer RNA and corresponding amino acids be according to the mRNA below? mRNA ...
... 14. Codons are found on _________ while anticodons are found on _________. In each case, the code is really a sequence of ____ bases (use a number) that code for a particular _____________________. 15. What would the transfer RNA and corresponding amino acids be according to the mRNA below? mRNA ...
protein synthesis
... A. RNA polymerase reads DNA template sense strand B. Complementary nucleotides are added to the 3' end of RNA using information in DNA as instructions **Polymerases always work from the 3' to the 5' end of the coding strand of DNA (template); thus the antiparallel structure it is forming is going fr ...
... A. RNA polymerase reads DNA template sense strand B. Complementary nucleotides are added to the 3' end of RNA using information in DNA as instructions **Polymerases always work from the 3' to the 5' end of the coding strand of DNA (template); thus the antiparallel structure it is forming is going fr ...
protein synthesis overview
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW • RNA LINKS DNA’S GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTINS TO THE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • RNA COPIES (TRANSCRIBES) THE MESSAGE FROM DNA AND THEN TRANSLATES THAT MESSAGE INTO A PROTEIN • THE LINEAR SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA DETERMINES THE LINEAR SEQUENCE OF AMIN ...
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW • RNA LINKS DNA’S GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTINS TO THE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • RNA COPIES (TRANSCRIBES) THE MESSAGE FROM DNA AND THEN TRANSLATES THAT MESSAGE INTO A PROTEIN • THE LINEAR SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA DETERMINES THE LINEAR SEQUENCE OF AMIN ...
Protein Synthesis Notes
... mRNA, tRNA, and a ribosome work together in constructing a protein mRNA = “messenger”; it contains the message that is being translated. tRNA = “transfer”; it transfers (delivers) the right a.a. to the right codon. It is the ...
... mRNA, tRNA, and a ribosome work together in constructing a protein mRNA = “messenger”; it contains the message that is being translated. tRNA = “transfer”; it transfers (delivers) the right a.a. to the right codon. It is the ...
DNA RNA Proteins
... 3. Termination RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of bases in the DNA template called a terminator. Signals the end of the gene; at that point, the polymerase molecule detaches from the RNA molecule and the gene. mRNA (messenger RNA) or “transcript” exits the nucleus via the nuclear pores and ...
... 3. Termination RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of bases in the DNA template called a terminator. Signals the end of the gene; at that point, the polymerase molecule detaches from the RNA molecule and the gene. mRNA (messenger RNA) or “transcript” exits the nucleus via the nuclear pores and ...
Les 6b RNA Transcription and Translation
... A.A. allow the protein molecule to form its necessary structure Proteins have many structures/shapes ...
... A.A. allow the protein molecule to form its necessary structure Proteins have many structures/shapes ...
Transcription
... Terminator sequences are used to end transcription. In prokaryotes there are two types: a. Rho-independent (r-independent) or type I terminators have two-fold symmetry that would allow a hairpin loop to form (Figure 5.5). The palindrome is followed by 4–8 U residues in the transcript, and when these ...
... Terminator sequences are used to end transcription. In prokaryotes there are two types: a. Rho-independent (r-independent) or type I terminators have two-fold symmetry that would allow a hairpin loop to form (Figure 5.5). The palindrome is followed by 4–8 U residues in the transcript, and when these ...
L 04 _transcription
... Pribnow box. Eukaryotic promoters often have a similar sequence at that location, called the TATA box, and another important sequence, the CAAT box, at about –80. Some promotors may be "stronger" than others, causing RNA polymerase to initiate transcription there more frequently than at other genes. ...
... Pribnow box. Eukaryotic promoters often have a similar sequence at that location, called the TATA box, and another important sequence, the CAAT box, at about –80. Some promotors may be "stronger" than others, causing RNA polymerase to initiate transcription there more frequently than at other genes. ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.