BRIEF REVISION OF CHEMISTRY TERMS Atom The building block
... acids. These chains may contain about 20 up to hundreds of amino acids. An example of the size of proteins is the red pigment in red blood cells called haemoglobin with the chemical formula – C3032 H4816 O872 N780 S8 Fe4 Each cell contains hundreds of different proteins, and each kind of cell has so ...
... acids. These chains may contain about 20 up to hundreds of amino acids. An example of the size of proteins is the red pigment in red blood cells called haemoglobin with the chemical formula – C3032 H4816 O872 N780 S8 Fe4 Each cell contains hundreds of different proteins, and each kind of cell has so ...
6 Principles of Gene Regulation
... for the cell ? 1. Metabolic products of anabolic pathways can be slightly toxic or interfere with the regulation of other pathways 2. A protein not used by the cell can interact with other cellular components, e.g., a transport protein can compete with another transport protein for the limited numbe ...
... for the cell ? 1. Metabolic products of anabolic pathways can be slightly toxic or interfere with the regulation of other pathways 2. A protein not used by the cell can interact with other cellular components, e.g., a transport protein can compete with another transport protein for the limited numbe ...
GENETIC CONTROL MECHANISMS AND …
... levels are ____________ in the blood Genes that are constantly expressed are called ______________________________ Gene regulation is vital to an organism’s survival ...
... levels are ____________ in the blood Genes that are constantly expressed are called ______________________________ Gene regulation is vital to an organism’s survival ...
Document
... 2) Two exposed strands of DNA are base paired to create two antiparallel strands of RNA. 3) Messenger DNA molecules are build from complementary base pairs after the helicase unwinds the DNA and DNA polymerase attaches nucleotides to form two new messenger DNA strands. 4) DNA is unwound by topoisome ...
... 2) Two exposed strands of DNA are base paired to create two antiparallel strands of RNA. 3) Messenger DNA molecules are build from complementary base pairs after the helicase unwinds the DNA and DNA polymerase attaches nucleotides to form two new messenger DNA strands. 4) DNA is unwound by topoisome ...
Bio 2 final n
... a. 5' TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3'. b. 3' AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5'. c. 5' AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3'. d. 3' AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5'. e. 3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'. ____ 27. The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of ...
... a. 5' TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3'. b. 3' AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5'. c. 5' AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3'. d. 3' AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5'. e. 3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'. ____ 27. The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of ...
DNA
... the promoter region of the DNA is the start (like the opening song) then the middle part is the coding region, or the gene (like the TV show) the RNA polymerase stops at the termination sequence, the end (like the credits) ...
... the promoter region of the DNA is the start (like the opening song) then the middle part is the coding region, or the gene (like the TV show) the RNA polymerase stops at the termination sequence, the end (like the credits) ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... elaborate structure/folding) size (smaller size/less genetic information/fewer genes) replication method (single origin of replication/rolling circle replication) transcription/translation may be coupled generally few or no introns (noncoding segments) majority of genome expressed operons are used f ...
... elaborate structure/folding) size (smaller size/less genetic information/fewer genes) replication method (single origin of replication/rolling circle replication) transcription/translation may be coupled generally few or no introns (noncoding segments) majority of genome expressed operons are used f ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Note Packet
... B. The Code Is A Triplet 1. Proteins are made of building blocks called ______________________. 2. There are ____ different amino acids and ______different nucleotides (since there are four different nitrogenous bases). 3. It was discovered that _____________________ in sequence must specify each __ ...
... B. The Code Is A Triplet 1. Proteins are made of building blocks called ______________________. 2. There are ____ different amino acids and ______different nucleotides (since there are four different nitrogenous bases). 3. It was discovered that _____________________ in sequence must specify each __ ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... 19. genetic code- The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein. 20. RNA polymerase- An enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription, using a DNA strand as a template. 21. terminator- A spec ...
... 19. genetic code- The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule and amino acids in protein. 20. RNA polymerase- An enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription, using a DNA strand as a template. 21. terminator- A spec ...
Only One Strand of DNA Is Translated
... Is it the same strand always translated? In more complicated organisms, could some genes be read from one strand while other genes are read from the other? Or must all genes be read from the same strand, as in the virus T7? Many investigators carried out experiments addressing this issue. Among the ...
... Is it the same strand always translated? In more complicated organisms, could some genes be read from one strand while other genes are read from the other? Or must all genes be read from the same strand, as in the virus T7? Many investigators carried out experiments addressing this issue. Among the ...
Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics
... • Gene expression occurs when gene activity leads to a protein product in the cell (Protein Synthesis). • A gene does not directly control protein synthesis; instead, it passes its genetic information on to RNA, which is more directly involved in protein synthesis. • Difference between DNA and RNA • ...
... • Gene expression occurs when gene activity leads to a protein product in the cell (Protein Synthesis). • A gene does not directly control protein synthesis; instead, it passes its genetic information on to RNA, which is more directly involved in protein synthesis. • Difference between DNA and RNA • ...
Document
... Operon Model of Gene Expression • Operon = promoter + operator + structural genes ─ Operator: DNA sequence that interacts with regulatory proteins (i.e. a repressor) ◦ Gives stop or go signal for transcription ...
... Operon Model of Gene Expression • Operon = promoter + operator + structural genes ─ Operator: DNA sequence that interacts with regulatory proteins (i.e. a repressor) ◦ Gives stop or go signal for transcription ...
Chapter 11 Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
... Ribosomal RNA • “Scaffold” for proteins involved in protein synthesis • RNA has catalytic activity as the “peptidyl transferase” which forms the peptide bond • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have slightly different ribosomal structures (See Figure 11.25) • Ribosomal RNA contains some modified nucleoside ...
... Ribosomal RNA • “Scaffold” for proteins involved in protein synthesis • RNA has catalytic activity as the “peptidyl transferase” which forms the peptide bond • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have slightly different ribosomal structures (See Figure 11.25) • Ribosomal RNA contains some modified nucleoside ...
doc Quiz #1
... bonds could it form with cytosine and how many with thymine? How many repulsive ionic interactions would occur between inosine and cytosine, and how many would occur between inosine and thymine? ...
... bonds could it form with cytosine and how many with thymine? How many repulsive ionic interactions would occur between inosine and cytosine, and how many would occur between inosine and thymine? ...
Chapter 8
... • The language of nucleic acids is A,C,T,G, & U’s, but the language of proteins is amino acids (remember these are the monomers of proteins) • The A,C,T,G, &U’s of a nucleic acid are in a very ...
... • The language of nucleic acids is A,C,T,G, & U’s, but the language of proteins is amino acids (remember these are the monomers of proteins) • The A,C,T,G, &U’s of a nucleic acid are in a very ...
The PRICE of SILENT MUTATIONS
... Indeed, when William Fairbrother, now at Brown University, and his colleagues in Christopher Burge's laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology compared the ends of exons, they found that people are rather similar to one another. These splice-associated regions lack much variation, even ...
... Indeed, when William Fairbrother, now at Brown University, and his colleagues in Christopher Burge's laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology compared the ends of exons, they found that people are rather similar to one another. These splice-associated regions lack much variation, even ...
March 22 - Mouse Genome Informatics
... will need appropriate infrastructure in place to work with these files…or consider scalable Cloud storage and compute services! ...
... will need appropriate infrastructure in place to work with these files…or consider scalable Cloud storage and compute services! ...
Purine Oct 20 - LSU School of Medicine
... •The pentose sugar is always a ribose, which may be reduced to deoxyribose after nucleotide synthesis is complete. •5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) is also involved in synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, NAD+, and histidine ...
... •The pentose sugar is always a ribose, which may be reduced to deoxyribose after nucleotide synthesis is complete. •5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) is also involved in synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, NAD+, and histidine ...
Chapter 32 - s3.amazonaws.com
... Crick’s Adaptor Hypothesis • Francis Crick thought about the problem • He reasoned that a small nucleic acid could serve as an adaptor between RNA and protein synthesis if it could bind both RNA and an amino acid • His idea was that one end of the adaptor would bind a specific amino acid and the oth ...
... Crick’s Adaptor Hypothesis • Francis Crick thought about the problem • He reasoned that a small nucleic acid could serve as an adaptor between RNA and protein synthesis if it could bind both RNA and an amino acid • His idea was that one end of the adaptor would bind a specific amino acid and the oth ...
No Slide Title
... • Every eukaryotic genome contains between 5000-60,000 protein-coding genes • Only a small subset of those genes are transcribed ...
... • Every eukaryotic genome contains between 5000-60,000 protein-coding genes • Only a small subset of those genes are transcribed ...
Chapter 8
... express the operon even when lactose is not available. This implies that the normal i gene product is a repressor, which blocks transcription when bound to o. When lactose is present in normal cells, it binds to the repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator, and the genes are expressed. ...
... express the operon even when lactose is not available. This implies that the normal i gene product is a repressor, which blocks transcription when bound to o. When lactose is present in normal cells, it binds to the repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator, and the genes are expressed. ...
BSCI 410-Liu Homework#1 Key Spring 05 1 1. (8 points) The
... Selection: Conditions set up so only the mutant of interest will survive (use death vs. growth to select) ...
... Selection: Conditions set up so only the mutant of interest will survive (use death vs. growth to select) ...
Cell Division Mitosis vs. Meiosis - kromko
... • In eukaryotic cells, mRNA must be modified and processed in several ways prior to translation. • 1st – A small cap (a single G nucleotide) at one end and a long tail (a chain of 50-250 A’s called a poly-A tail) at the other end are added the strand of mRNA. • The cap and tail aid in the export of ...
... • In eukaryotic cells, mRNA must be modified and processed in several ways prior to translation. • 1st – A small cap (a single G nucleotide) at one end and a long tail (a chain of 50-250 A’s called a poly-A tail) at the other end are added the strand of mRNA. • The cap and tail aid in the export of ...
Genetics ppt 1
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long ncRNAs that include examples such as Xist and HOTAIR (see here for a more complete list of ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs encoded within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs., but see Since many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function, it is possible that many are non-functional. It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to as Junk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.