Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Nucleotide Structure
... chromosomes. With each round of replication in most normal cells, the telomeres are shortened because DNA polymerase cannot complete synthesis of the 5՜ end of each strand. This contributes to the aging of cells, because eventually the telomeres become so short that the chromosomes cannot function p ...
... chromosomes. With each round of replication in most normal cells, the telomeres are shortened because DNA polymerase cannot complete synthesis of the 5՜ end of each strand. This contributes to the aging of cells, because eventually the telomeres become so short that the chromosomes cannot function p ...
RNA-Seq workshop Achems 2017
... Stranded libraries are better! ■ Stranded libraries preserve information on the strand of origin of the transcript – Helpful when overlapping antisense transcripts occur in a genomic region (~19% of genes in human genome!) ...
... Stranded libraries are better! ■ Stranded libraries preserve information on the strand of origin of the transcript – Helpful when overlapping antisense transcripts occur in a genomic region (~19% of genes in human genome!) ...
VIRUSES
... • HIV is a retrovirus: This is a good diagram to model virus parts Envelope Glycoprotein ...
... • HIV is a retrovirus: This is a good diagram to model virus parts Envelope Glycoprotein ...
Section 1: Nucleic acids – the molecules of life
... information into polypeptides on the ribosomes . Both stages involve RNA (ribonucleic acid) . There are 3 types: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): formed during transcription. Carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosomes 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): A component of the ribosomes 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Tran ...
... information into polypeptides on the ribosomes . Both stages involve RNA (ribonucleic acid) . There are 3 types: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): formed during transcription. Carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosomes 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): A component of the ribosomes 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Tran ...
Slide 1
... of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Approaches to identifying functional regions based on comparative genomics and microarray expression data have recently been applied in promoter and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) sequences in the yeast genome. Here we combine these approaches to construct a robust se ...
... of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Approaches to identifying functional regions based on comparative genomics and microarray expression data have recently been applied in promoter and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) sequences in the yeast genome. Here we combine these approaches to construct a robust se ...
Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
... An operon can be defined as a cluster gene that encode the proteins necessary to perform coordinated function Genes of the same operon have related functions within the cell and are turned on (expressed) and off together (suppressed). The first operon discovered was the lac operon so named because i ...
... An operon can be defined as a cluster gene that encode the proteins necessary to perform coordinated function Genes of the same operon have related functions within the cell and are turned on (expressed) and off together (suppressed). The first operon discovered was the lac operon so named because i ...
SPRI_buffers_v2_2
... The pH titrations for the buffers and bead mixes were calculated with the Python package ionize 0.8.0. They may be inaccurate for the bead mixes due to the very high ionic strengths of those solutions. Colour-change pH indicators will also be inaccurate for the same reason. A properly calibrated pH ...
... The pH titrations for the buffers and bead mixes were calculated with the Python package ionize 0.8.0. They may be inaccurate for the bead mixes due to the very high ionic strengths of those solutions. Colour-change pH indicators will also be inaccurate for the same reason. A properly calibrated pH ...
Transcription of a genome
... Junk DNA is transcriptionally active The majority of mutations that cause genetic disease don’t map to junk DNA, they map to genes that encode proteins ...
... Junk DNA is transcriptionally active The majority of mutations that cause genetic disease don’t map to junk DNA, they map to genes that encode proteins ...
NIDA-svisit-20071219-PARE - Yale Bioinformatics -
... that mRNA expression levels should be correlated with protein abundance …Among pathways, this is expected to a lesser degree between interacting proteins ...
... that mRNA expression levels should be correlated with protein abundance …Among pathways, this is expected to a lesser degree between interacting proteins ...
X-Sheet 2 Protein Synthesis and DNA Fingerprinting
... DNA probes. A selection of DNA sequences within the DNA profile forms what is termed the VNTR pattern for that individual. Forensic scientists are able to compare the DNA profiles to a sample that is provided from a crime scene. DNA profiling is very accurate. Sequencing of DNA: A species is a group ...
... DNA probes. A selection of DNA sequences within the DNA profile forms what is termed the VNTR pattern for that individual. Forensic scientists are able to compare the DNA profiles to a sample that is provided from a crime scene. DNA profiling is very accurate. Sequencing of DNA: A species is a group ...
BIO305 - National Open University of Nigeria
... molecular biology use techniques and ideas from other areas of biology and chemistry particularly genetics – the transfer of biological information from cell to cell, from parents to offsprings and thus from generation to generation and to the effects on organisms – and biochemistry – the study of t ...
... molecular biology use techniques and ideas from other areas of biology and chemistry particularly genetics – the transfer of biological information from cell to cell, from parents to offsprings and thus from generation to generation and to the effects on organisms – and biochemistry – the study of t ...
Insert Overview of Translation here 2 pages.
... biochemical pathway. For instance, the five enzymes needed by E. coli to synthesize tryptophan are produced from a single polycistronic mRNA. All of these genes are organized 'head to tail' in the bacterial genome and are transcribed as one long mRNA. This is a very efficient way to control gene exp ...
... biochemical pathway. For instance, the five enzymes needed by E. coli to synthesize tryptophan are produced from a single polycistronic mRNA. All of these genes are organized 'head to tail' in the bacterial genome and are transcribed as one long mRNA. This is a very efficient way to control gene exp ...
Chapter 10
... nucleotide bases in DNA. – The phenotype is the organism’s physical traits, which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. – DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins in two stages: • Transcription, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule • Translation, the trans ...
... nucleotide bases in DNA. – The phenotype is the organism’s physical traits, which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. – DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins in two stages: • Transcription, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule • Translation, the trans ...
form/activity - Science of Security
... • “We know how to construct airplanes.” (lift and drag) • “..and to build engines.” (propulsion) • “Inability to balance/steer [is the] problem.” (control) • “When this one feature has been worked out, the age of flying will have arrived, for all other difficulties are of minor importance.” ...
... • “We know how to construct airplanes.” (lift and drag) • “..and to build engines.” (propulsion) • “Inability to balance/steer [is the] problem.” (control) • “When this one feature has been worked out, the age of flying will have arrived, for all other difficulties are of minor importance.” ...
Chapters 16-17 (DNA and protein synthesis)
... Alternative RNA splicing allows some genes to produce different polypeptides. Exons may code for polypeptide domains, which are the functional parts of a protein (such as binding and active sites). ...
... Alternative RNA splicing allows some genes to produce different polypeptides. Exons may code for polypeptide domains, which are the functional parts of a protein (such as binding and active sites). ...
DNA TEST
... a) Encode the DNA strand into mRNA and the correct amino acid (2) b) Use diagrams to show how the DNA eventually becomes a protein strand. Label and include the following in your diagram: mRNA, tRNA. Ribosome and rRNA, correct amino acid sequence, codons, anticodons, peptide bonds. Answers must be n ...
... a) Encode the DNA strand into mRNA and the correct amino acid (2) b) Use diagrams to show how the DNA eventually becomes a protein strand. Label and include the following in your diagram: mRNA, tRNA. Ribosome and rRNA, correct amino acid sequence, codons, anticodons, peptide bonds. Answers must be n ...
Chapt. 14 Eukaryotic mRNA processing I: splicing 14.1 Genes are in
... • Most ‘higher eukaryotic’ genes coding for mRNA and tRNA (some rRNA) are interrupted by introns • Exons surround introns: contain sequences that finally appear in the mature RNA product – Genes for mRNAs have 0 to 362 exons (titin) – tRNA genes have either 0 or 1 exon Introns present in genes, not ...
... • Most ‘higher eukaryotic’ genes coding for mRNA and tRNA (some rRNA) are interrupted by introns • Exons surround introns: contain sequences that finally appear in the mature RNA product – Genes for mRNAs have 0 to 362 exons (titin) – tRNA genes have either 0 or 1 exon Introns present in genes, not ...
Cancer Biology – How a cell responds to DNA Damage
... radiation. However, it would be important to only sensitize tumor cells and not normal tissues. ...
... radiation. However, it would be important to only sensitize tumor cells and not normal tissues. ...
the 3
... The resultant cDNA is cloned to make libraries representing a set of transcribed genes of the original cell, tissue or organism. ...
... The resultant cDNA is cloned to make libraries representing a set of transcribed genes of the original cell, tissue or organism. ...
Lecture 2 (1/25/10) "The Language of Life"
... even if two polymers are made up of the exactly the same type of monomers and have the same order of monomers, there can be an enormous variation in their physical placement, known as isomers. Hence, from this simple alphabet, comes an incredibly complex story that is life. For example, imagine if a ...
... even if two polymers are made up of the exactly the same type of monomers and have the same order of monomers, there can be an enormous variation in their physical placement, known as isomers. Hence, from this simple alphabet, comes an incredibly complex story that is life. For example, imagine if a ...
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long ncRNAs that include examples such as Xist and HOTAIR (see here for a more complete list of ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs encoded within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs., but see Since many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function, it is possible that many are non-functional. It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to as Junk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.