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MINISTRY of HEALTH UKRAINE
MINISTRY of HEALTH UKRAINE

... Mood Disorders. Above we had discussed mostly short-term emotional disorders, lasting from several minutes to hours. Speaking about mood disorders, we mean emotional states that last much longer, for days, weeks, and even many months. They are very common in the mental health practice. In healthy pe ...
mood disorders
mood disorders

... pathophysiology of depression. Four decades of research have failed to prove that patients suffering from depression differ from controls with respect to brain 5-HT and NE. The theory that mood is influenced by these neurotransmitters is based on pharmacological evidence, and for many decades, this ...
Past, present and future of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS
Past, present and future of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS

... level of evidence in terms of acute efficacy and safety/ tolerability (level 1), and a minimal evidence for maintenance and relapse prevention (level 3). It should be performed at high frequency on the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with a better outcome for 20 vs 10 sessions. Even th ...
Efficacy of Self-Administered Treatments for Depression and Anxiety
Efficacy of Self-Administered Treatments for Depression and Anxiety

... scores on both the BDI and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD; Hamilton, 1960]), we selected one instrument and estimated an effect size on the basis of that measure (Hedges & Olkin, 1985; Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). Our criteria for selecting an instrument were the following: 1. the one mos ...
Abnormal Psychology Project
Abnormal Psychology Project

... You are going to rewrite a common fairy tale giving the main character(s) your disorder. 1) Choose a fairy tale you are familiar with (refer to the list provided). Two groups may not use the same story (first come, first serve). 2) Using your researched knowledge of the disorder, rewrite the story a ...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Soldiers with
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Soldiers with

... 10% for lifetime obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the clinical study by the Boston PTSD Center (6), 70% of the veterans had combat-related PTSD (CR-PTSD). Among them, 84% met criteria for alcohol or drug abuse, 68% for lifetime major depression, 34% for dysthymic disorder, and 26% for antisocial pe ...
Cognitive Functions in Depression and Anxiety
Cognitive Functions in Depression and Anxiety

... Specifically, research indicates that about 50% of those who have experienced one depressive episode will be depressed again within one year and about 70% within two years (Angst & Preisig, 1995a; Angst & Preisig, 1995b). Depression is a complex disorder with a multifactorial genesis. It is well est ...
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...  Stage III—Delirious mania: A grave form of the disorder, characterized by severe clouding of consciousness and representing an intensification of the symptoms associated with acute mania  Mood: labile, from ecstasy to despair  Cognition and perception: confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, ...
Introductory Packet: Affect and Mood Problems
Introductory Packet: Affect and Mood Problems

... Transient depressive responses or mood changes to stress are normal in otherwise healthy populations. Bereavement Sadness related to a major loss that typically persists for less than 2 months after the loss. However, the presence of certain symptoms that are not characteristic of a “normal” grief r ...
Helpful or Harmful? The use of SSRIs in Alcohol Use Disorder
Helpful or Harmful? The use of SSRIs in Alcohol Use Disorder

...  No effect of alcoholic subtype or medication group on drinking-related outcomes  There was a significant effect of treatment completion on these measures (p < 0.001); treatment completers reported a greater decrease from pretreatment levels, compared with non-completers, in drinking days (∆ = -41 ...
Curriculum Vitae - Frances McClelland Institute
Curriculum Vitae - Frances McClelland Institute

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... • Dysthymia differs from major depression in terms of both severity and duration. • Dysthymia represents a chronic mild depressive condition that has been present for many years. • In order to fulfill DSM-IV-TR criteria for this disorder, the person must, over a period of at least 2 years, exhibit a ...
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Unit 12-Abnormal Psych - Mater Academy Lakes High School

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Postpartum Depression - The FreeZone : Midwestern State University
Postpartum Depression - The FreeZone : Midwestern State University

... According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994), a postpartum mood episode, which may include psychotic features, is one whose onset is within 4 weeks of birth. According to Beck (1999b), PPD can occur anytime in the postpartum year, but is most frequently seen in the first 3 months. ...
SERIES ‘‘COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF END-STAGE COPD’’ Number 3 in this Series
SERIES ‘‘COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF END-STAGE COPD’’ Number 3 in this Series

... anxiety with COPD include factors related to smoking and dyspnoea. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as the single most important environmental risk factor for the development of COPD [1], and high levels of anxiety have been identified as a risk factor for adolescents starting to smoke [32]. I ...
Psychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Their Nature
Psychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Their Nature

... and found that for 40% of those who were initially depressed, depression resolved within the year, while 18% of those not depressed at initial interview had developed depression by 1 year. They suggested that acute onset depression may be associated with injury-related biological changes in the brai ...
PSYC 100 Chapter 14
PSYC 100 Chapter 14

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b D I S O R D E R An Information Guide
b D I S O R D E R An Information Guide

... they may experiment with drugs, because they feel free and they are impulsive. They may also drink or do drugs during depressive phases, because alcohol or drugs help them to feel less depressed. The same people may not abuse alcohol or drugs during their well phase. ...
THE EFFICACY OF BIBLIOTHERAPY FOR SOCIAL ANXIETY AND
THE EFFICACY OF BIBLIOTHERAPY FOR SOCIAL ANXIETY AND

... sadness, guilt, worthlessness and/or hopelessness. Depressive disorders have been found to affect one’s mood, sleep, appetite, weight, pleasure, energy and concentration. As with SAD, the symptoms experienced by those with depressive disorders can create much distress and dysfunction in various part ...
Abnormal Psychology Project
Abnormal Psychology Project

... You are going to rewrite a common fairy tale giving the main character(s) your disorder. 1) Choose a fairy tale you are familiar with (refer to the list provided). Two groups may not use the same story (first come, first serve). 2) Using your researched knowledge of the disorder, rewrite the story a ...
Running Head: DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ASIAN AMERICANS
Running Head: DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ASIAN AMERICANS

... more than Asian Americans. However, Uebelacker and colleagues did not find any evidence to support their hypothesis that somatic symptoms would be endorsed more often among all racial/ethnic minorities, including Asian Americans. This study did not examine the two affective depressive symptoms in th ...
An Inventory for Measuring Clinical Anxiety
An Inventory for Measuring Clinical Anxiety

... groups, which did not differ from each other. Table 2 also shows the results for the BDI. The mean BDI scores were significantly higher in the pure and primary depressed groups. There was only moderate overlap between the BAI scores of the pure anxious and depressed groups. The scores of the anxious ...
A pioneering care project demonstates how
A pioneering care project demonstates how

... sense of identity. If you need to communicate with someone with dementia, it's important to encourage the person to do so in whichever way works best for them. We tend to think of communication as talking, but in fact it consists of much more than that. As much as 90 per cent of our communication ta ...
Safety First: Self Harm and Suicide in Children and
Safety First: Self Harm and Suicide in Children and

... other reasons (eg. relieve distress or to effect change in others or the environment) • “Parasuicide” used as a term to reduce pejorative language associated with nonlethal deliberate self harm • WHO has chosen “suicide attempt” as a term any time an individual does not die, regardless of presence o ...
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Major depressive disorder



Major depressive disorder (MDD) (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder; or as recurrent depression in the case of repeated episodes) is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term ""depression"" is used in a number of different ways. It is often used to mean this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or simply to a low mood. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person's family, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. In the United States, around 3.4% of people with major depression commit suicide, and up to 60% of people who commit suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the patient's self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives or friends, and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression, although physicians generally request tests for physical conditions that may cause similar symptoms. The most common time of onset is between the ages of 20 and 30 years, with a later peak between 30 and 40 years.Typically, people are treated with antidepressant medication and, in many cases, also receive counseling, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with associated self-neglect or a significant risk of harm to self or others. A minority are treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The course of the disorder varies widely, from one episode lasting weeks to a lifelong disorder with recurrent major depressive episodes. Depressed individuals have shorter life expectancies than those without depression, in part because of greater susceptibility to medical illnesses and suicide. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Current and former patients may be stigmatized.The understanding of the nature and causes of depression has evolved over the centuries, though this understanding is incomplete and has left many aspects of depression as the subject of discussion and research. Proposed causes include psychological, psycho-social, hereditary, evolutionary and biological factors. Long-term substance abuse may cause or worsen depressive symptoms. Psychological treatments are based on theories of personality, interpersonal communication, and learning. Most biological theories focus on the monoamine chemicals serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, which are naturally present in the brain and assist communication between nerve cells. This cluster of symptoms (syndrome) was named, described and classified as one of the mood disorders in the 1980 edition of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual.
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