1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response
... Primary Cell-Mediated IR The initial activation of cytotoxic T cells due to an intracellular pathogen occurs as follows: 1) a dendritic cell or macrophage ingests or is infected by an intracellular pathogen 2) peptides fr. pathogen presented on MHC class II and MHC class I molecules 3) specific TH ...
... Primary Cell-Mediated IR The initial activation of cytotoxic T cells due to an intracellular pathogen occurs as follows: 1) a dendritic cell or macrophage ingests or is infected by an intracellular pathogen 2) peptides fr. pathogen presented on MHC class II and MHC class I molecules 3) specific TH ...
Type I cell death Apoptosis
... Nonprofessional phagocytes such as endothelial or epithelial cells that phagocytose neighboring apoptotic cells subsequently produce survival and growth factors. These include vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte ...
... Nonprofessional phagocytes such as endothelial or epithelial cells that phagocytose neighboring apoptotic cells subsequently produce survival and growth factors. These include vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte ...
Introduction to Blood
... - In the bone marrow, a common lymphoid progenitor gives rise to the antigen-specific lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system (B and T cells), as well as to a type of lymphocytes that is antigen nonspecific; the Natural Killer (NK) cell lineage (express the NK lineage marker, NK1.1). - As NK cells ...
... - In the bone marrow, a common lymphoid progenitor gives rise to the antigen-specific lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system (B and T cells), as well as to a type of lymphocytes that is antigen nonspecific; the Natural Killer (NK) cell lineage (express the NK lineage marker, NK1.1). - As NK cells ...
Slide 1 - buechner
... Other T cells release proteins to coordinate other actions of the immune response: T cells, B cells and macrophages Protects against parasites, bacteria, fungi, cancerous cells – anything “foreign” ...
... Other T cells release proteins to coordinate other actions of the immune response: T cells, B cells and macrophages Protects against parasites, bacteria, fungi, cancerous cells – anything “foreign” ...
Your Immune System - The School District of Palm Beach County
... made from a weakened or dead virus or bacteria. The vaccine does not usually make you sick but the white blood cells still react by making antibodies. After that, if you are attacked by living germs from the disease you have been vaccinated against, your white blood cells will react by making antibo ...
... made from a weakened or dead virus or bacteria. The vaccine does not usually make you sick but the white blood cells still react by making antibodies. After that, if you are attacked by living germs from the disease you have been vaccinated against, your white blood cells will react by making antibo ...
Pathogens, Disease and Defense Against Disease
... • memory cells do not release antibodies but play an important role in future immunity • plasma cells become enlarged and make huge quantities of their own specific antibodies that are released into bloodstream ...
... • memory cells do not release antibodies but play an important role in future immunity • plasma cells become enlarged and make huge quantities of their own specific antibodies that are released into bloodstream ...
Trent`s Immunology
... ABO blood group matching between donor and recipient is crucial. If an organ from an A group donor is transplanted into a group B recipient, hyperacute rejection occurs as the foreign cells are lysed by complement and/or phagocytosed all with massive inflammation, platelet activation etc.. Recently, ...
... ABO blood group matching between donor and recipient is crucial. If an organ from an A group donor is transplanted into a group B recipient, hyperacute rejection occurs as the foreign cells are lysed by complement and/or phagocytosed all with massive inflammation, platelet activation etc.. Recently, ...
Genetic engineering to protect against virus infection
... communication during an antiviral defense. • Their presence is one of the first indicators that the host has been infected. • They act locally, near the cells that make them. • They control inflammation, induce and antiviral state in cells and regulate the adaptive immune response. • They exert thei ...
... communication during an antiviral defense. • Their presence is one of the first indicators that the host has been infected. • They act locally, near the cells that make them. • They control inflammation, induce and antiviral state in cells and regulate the adaptive immune response. • They exert thei ...
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK Cells Effector T cells
... NK cells activation is controlled by the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors. Inhibitory receptors bind MHC class I molecules and prevent inappropriate lysis of self cells. NK cells are activated by “missing self”, which can occur when viruses or tumor cells downregulate MHC class I ...
... NK cells activation is controlled by the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors. Inhibitory receptors bind MHC class I molecules and prevent inappropriate lysis of self cells. NK cells are activated by “missing self”, which can occur when viruses or tumor cells downregulate MHC class I ...
Nanorobots As Cellular Assistants in Inflammatory Responses
... allows focusing on overall behaviors of groups of robots, while balancing a reasonable approximation to important physical phenomena of the environment with limited computational cost of the simulator. For example, the simulator can follow the behavior of tens of robots with sizes of hundreds of nan ...
... allows focusing on overall behaviors of groups of robots, while balancing a reasonable approximation to important physical phenomena of the environment with limited computational cost of the simulator. For example, the simulator can follow the behavior of tens of robots with sizes of hundreds of nan ...
Nervous system - local
... Innate immunity uses the skin, mucus, saliva, and other barrier defenses in every animal to prevent and immediately fight infection, and to destroy pathogens after they have entered the body • Tuburculosis ...
... Innate immunity uses the skin, mucus, saliva, and other barrier defenses in every animal to prevent and immediately fight infection, and to destroy pathogens after they have entered the body • Tuburculosis ...
Click here - The Canadian MPS Society
... autophagosomes and lysosomes and therefore the blockage of autophagic pathways. This block in autophagy causes a build-up of dysfunctional mitochondria and cellular stress, which may trigger an inflammatory response and contribute to apoptosis1. The antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) enhances mitochondria ...
... autophagosomes and lysosomes and therefore the blockage of autophagic pathways. This block in autophagy causes a build-up of dysfunctional mitochondria and cellular stress, which may trigger an inflammatory response and contribute to apoptosis1. The antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) enhances mitochondria ...
Lymphatic System Part 2
... Self-antigens Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune ...
... Self-antigens Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune ...
Host Defenses
... The first and, arguably, most important barrier is the skin. The skin cannot be penetrated by most microorganisms, unless it already has been breached, such as a nick, scratch, or cut. Pores and hair follicles may afford some microbes points of entry. Mechanical methods of removal: Pathogens are exp ...
... The first and, arguably, most important barrier is the skin. The skin cannot be penetrated by most microorganisms, unless it already has been breached, such as a nick, scratch, or cut. Pores and hair follicles may afford some microbes points of entry. Mechanical methods of removal: Pathogens are exp ...
Communication in living systems is normally not covered in the 10th
... genes (for humans, about 20,500) could produce a million different B cell protein receptors and 10 million different T cell receptors! The answer resulted in a Nobel Prize and a stratling exception to the notion that all cells have exactly the same DNA. Use figure 43.13 (page 938) to explain the fou ...
... genes (for humans, about 20,500) could produce a million different B cell protein receptors and 10 million different T cell receptors! The answer resulted in a Nobel Prize and a stratling exception to the notion that all cells have exactly the same DNA. Use figure 43.13 (page 938) to explain the fou ...
and Factor H on fungal surface. Complement evasion Immune
... cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte activation. Th2 cells produce predominantly cytokines such as interleukins 3 and 4 (IL-3 and IL-4) and tend to promote antibody production ...
... cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte activation. Th2 cells produce predominantly cytokines such as interleukins 3 and 4 (IL-3 and IL-4) and tend to promote antibody production ...
The Immune System - Mrs.C's Web Page
... These can be cell based. – Neutrophils, the most abundant phagocytic cells, are attracted to infected tissues. – Macrophages patrol the bloodstream for foreign particles and organisms and reside in lymph nodes – Eosinophils are specialized cells that attach to multicellular invaders and secrete dest ...
... These can be cell based. – Neutrophils, the most abundant phagocytic cells, are attracted to infected tissues. – Macrophages patrol the bloodstream for foreign particles and organisms and reside in lymph nodes – Eosinophils are specialized cells that attach to multicellular invaders and secrete dest ...
Blood
... • People that are “Rh negative” have the antibodies to the Rh antigen • This is what is represented by the + or – in blood types; (e.g. O+ = O blood type with RH factor (antigen), and therefore no antibodies to Rh) ...
... • People that are “Rh negative” have the antibodies to the Rh antigen • This is what is represented by the + or – in blood types; (e.g. O+ = O blood type with RH factor (antigen), and therefore no antibodies to Rh) ...
Dental Microbiology #211 IMMUNOLOGY Lecture 3
... cell must make contact with the MHC class-II molecule on the APC. ...
... cell must make contact with the MHC class-II molecule on the APC. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.