Chapter 1
... plasma membrane is anchored to the RBC cytoskeleton through the tethering sites of integral proteins located in the lipid bilayer. ► The lipid bilayer plus the integral proteins chemically isolate and regulate the cell interior. ► Cytoskeleton provides rigid support and stability to lipid bilayer. I ...
... plasma membrane is anchored to the RBC cytoskeleton through the tethering sites of integral proteins located in the lipid bilayer. ► The lipid bilayer plus the integral proteins chemically isolate and regulate the cell interior. ► Cytoskeleton provides rigid support and stability to lipid bilayer. I ...
Encapsulation of Plasmid DNA in Stabilized Plasmid – Lipid
... dishes. At the time of transfection, cells were less than 20% confluent. Formulated plasmid DNA (both SPLP and complexed) was added to the cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.O pg DNA and remained in the culture medium throughout the experiment. At the completion of the incubation period, ...
... dishes. At the time of transfection, cells were less than 20% confluent. Formulated plasmid DNA (both SPLP and complexed) was added to the cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.O pg DNA and remained in the culture medium throughout the experiment. At the completion of the incubation period, ...
Protein Synthesis and Quality Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
... (Figure 1A). However, experimental confirmation of this hypothesis proved very difficult to obtain, and alternative models involving direct movement of the nascent chain through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigor ...
... (Figure 1A). However, experimental confirmation of this hypothesis proved very difficult to obtain, and alternative models involving direct movement of the nascent chain through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigor ...
The measurement of exocytosis in plant cells
... their contents. Equally important, new plasma membrane is delivered by exocytosis as secretory vesicle membrane becomes incorporated. The requirements for polysaccharides, proteins and plasma membrane are very different in different cell types, so there must be sophisticated mechanisms for ensuring ...
... their contents. Equally important, new plasma membrane is delivered by exocytosis as secretory vesicle membrane becomes incorporated. The requirements for polysaccharides, proteins and plasma membrane are very different in different cell types, so there must be sophisticated mechanisms for ensuring ...
SNX9 – a prelude to vesicle release - Journal of Cell Science
... proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group of proteins that all contain the phosphoinositide-binding PX domain [for reviews on sorting nexins, see the following articles (Carlton et al., 2005; Cullen, 2008; Seet and ...
... proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group of proteins that all contain the phosphoinositide-binding PX domain [for reviews on sorting nexins, see the following articles (Carlton et al., 2005; Cullen, 2008; Seet and ...
Bioelectricity Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential The postsynaptic cell
... While the hyperpolarization continues, the neuron is said to be inhibited, because a larger than usual depolarizing stimulus must be provided to bring the membrane potential to threshold. A stimulus sufficient to shift the transmembrane potential by 10 mV (from -70 mV to -60mV) would normally pr ...
... While the hyperpolarization continues, the neuron is said to be inhibited, because a larger than usual depolarizing stimulus must be provided to bring the membrane potential to threshold. A stimulus sufficient to shift the transmembrane potential by 10 mV (from -70 mV to -60mV) would normally pr ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
... plays a critical role in controlling the quantity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane. There is an increasing number of reports on the structure and function of the auxiliary subunits of membrane proteins, including ion channels, receptors and ion-motive ATPases (Chow and Forte, 1995; Flucher et al ...
... plays a critical role in controlling the quantity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane. There is an increasing number of reports on the structure and function of the auxiliary subunits of membrane proteins, including ion channels, receptors and ion-motive ATPases (Chow and Forte, 1995; Flucher et al ...
Membrane protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum
... of them containing charged residues [49–51]. These observations, together with the fact that TRAM itself contains an unusually high number of charged residues within its TM segments, led to the idea that TRAM could act as a chaperone for the integration of nonoptimal TM segments by providing a more ...
... of them containing charged residues [49–51]. These observations, together with the fact that TRAM itself contains an unusually high number of charged residues within its TM segments, led to the idea that TRAM could act as a chaperone for the integration of nonoptimal TM segments by providing a more ...
Antigenic Properties of Mycoplasma Organisms and Membranes
... were inoculated either with a I to 2% inoculum of an 18 to 24 hr culture of the Mycoplasma laidlawii strains, or with a 5 to 10%inoculum of a 20 to 36 hr culture of all the other strains. Cultures were incubated statically at 37" under aerobic conditions. The organisms were harvested by centrifugati ...
... were inoculated either with a I to 2% inoculum of an 18 to 24 hr culture of the Mycoplasma laidlawii strains, or with a 5 to 10%inoculum of a 20 to 36 hr culture of all the other strains. Cultures were incubated statically at 37" under aerobic conditions. The organisms were harvested by centrifugati ...
Protein Sorting between Mitochondrial Membranes Specified by
... to arrest translocation of proteins during vectorial import (15, 27), and a domain found in the signal sequence of the Fe/S subunit of the cytochrome bc~ complex, which is responsible for targeting an intermediate form of the precursor from the matrix to the intermembrane space (14). Here we have ex ...
... to arrest translocation of proteins during vectorial import (15, 27), and a domain found in the signal sequence of the Fe/S subunit of the cytochrome bc~ complex, which is responsible for targeting an intermediate form of the precursor from the matrix to the intermembrane space (14). Here we have ex ...
Membrane Proteins
... Gorter and Grendel: The Basis of Membrane Structure Is a Bilayer • In 1925, these two physiologists extracted lipids from red blood cells and spread the lipids in a monolayer on a water surface • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell ...
... Gorter and Grendel: The Basis of Membrane Structure Is a Bilayer • In 1925, these two physiologists extracted lipids from red blood cells and spread the lipids in a monolayer on a water surface • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell ...
Passive Transport
... 2. The thickness of the exchange surface. The thinner the exchange surface, the faster diffusion will occur. 3. The distance between the two areas. A shorter distance = faster diffusion. 4. The size of the molecules. Smaller molecules such as oxygen will diffuse quicker than large molecules like pro ...
... 2. The thickness of the exchange surface. The thinner the exchange surface, the faster diffusion will occur. 3. The distance between the two areas. A shorter distance = faster diffusion. 4. The size of the molecules. Smaller molecules such as oxygen will diffuse quicker than large molecules like pro ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Self-assembled nucleolipids: from
... SELF-ASSEMBLY The self-assembly of complex structures, from similar or different components interacting by multiple non-covalent intermolecular forces, is ubiquitous in biology, soft condensed matter, and nanoscience. The resulting supramolecular ordered assemblies usually exhibit a hierarchy of str ...
... SELF-ASSEMBLY The self-assembly of complex structures, from similar or different components interacting by multiple non-covalent intermolecular forces, is ubiquitous in biology, soft condensed matter, and nanoscience. The resulting supramolecular ordered assemblies usually exhibit a hierarchy of str ...
Plant hormone perception and action: a role for G-protein
... GA into barley aleurone protoplasts does not stimulate aamylase gene expression and it is only when GA is present in the medium bathing the protoplasts that they respond (Gilroy & Jones 1994). These data provide indirect evidence for a plasma membrane-based GA perception mechanism in aleurone althou ...
... GA into barley aleurone protoplasts does not stimulate aamylase gene expression and it is only when GA is present in the medium bathing the protoplasts that they respond (Gilroy & Jones 1994). These data provide indirect evidence for a plasma membrane-based GA perception mechanism in aleurone althou ...
Document
... The G-Protein Coupled Receptor(GPCR) Superfamily All G-protein receptors are homologous, this has become clear from DNA sequencing experiments. ...
... The G-Protein Coupled Receptor(GPCR) Superfamily All G-protein receptors are homologous, this has become clear from DNA sequencing experiments. ...
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... 1975). Other functions of cell membranes, namely the ability to undergo cytokinesis (Pratt, Fitzgerald & Saxon, 1977) and natural or experimentally induced cell fusion (Hope, Bruckdorfer, Hart & Lucy, 1977; Horwitz, Wight, Ludwig & Cornell, 1978) as well as the capacity to bind and transmit prolifer ...
... 1975). Other functions of cell membranes, namely the ability to undergo cytokinesis (Pratt, Fitzgerald & Saxon, 1977) and natural or experimentally induced cell fusion (Hope, Bruckdorfer, Hart & Lucy, 1977; Horwitz, Wight, Ludwig & Cornell, 1978) as well as the capacity to bind and transmit prolifer ...
CASE 3
... sometimes preceded by myotonia, fasciculations, or spasms. Fortunately, significant paralysis almost never occurs in intercostals or diaphragm muscles, and so breathing is not impaired. Attacks can occur spontaneously but often are triggered by exercise, stress, fasting, or the ingestion of large qu ...
... sometimes preceded by myotonia, fasciculations, or spasms. Fortunately, significant paralysis almost never occurs in intercostals or diaphragm muscles, and so breathing is not impaired. Attacks can occur spontaneously but often are triggered by exercise, stress, fasting, or the ingestion of large qu ...
Biological Membrane Structure By Solid-State NMR
... and biological membranes. Different approaches have been developed to study these systems in which the restricted molecular motions result in broad NMR spectra. This contribution will first present an overview of the different techniques used to study lipid bilayers, namely 31P, 2H and 13C solid-sta ...
... and biological membranes. Different approaches have been developed to study these systems in which the restricted molecular motions result in broad NMR spectra. This contribution will first present an overview of the different techniques used to study lipid bilayers, namely 31P, 2H and 13C solid-sta ...
Fractionation of Membranes from Metschnikowi`a
... since the cytosol of M . reukarrfii has a pH of 6-2(Aldermann & Hiifer, 1981). The idination of tyrosine residues of plasma-membrane proteins occurs at pH 7.5 in the presence of H 2 0 2and lactopcroxidase (Phillips & Morrison, 1970; 1971).The size of lactoperoxidase molecules (mol. wt 78000) prevent ...
... since the cytosol of M . reukarrfii has a pH of 6-2(Aldermann & Hiifer, 1981). The idination of tyrosine residues of plasma-membrane proteins occurs at pH 7.5 in the presence of H 2 0 2and lactopcroxidase (Phillips & Morrison, 1970; 1971).The size of lactoperoxidase molecules (mol. wt 78000) prevent ...
Candida Freyschussii: an Oleaginous Yeast Producing Lipids
... plant oils, and may be optimal feedstock for biodiesel production, being dominated by monounsaturated C16 and C18. As in other oleaginous yeasts, lipid production by C. freyschussii sp. increased with the increase of the C:N ratio of the medium, but growth was inhibited at glycerol concentrations hi ...
... plant oils, and may be optimal feedstock for biodiesel production, being dominated by monounsaturated C16 and C18. As in other oleaginous yeasts, lipid production by C. freyschussii sp. increased with the increase of the C:N ratio of the medium, but growth was inhibited at glycerol concentrations hi ...
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Delivery System for
... immune response and have been developed into a vaccine formula, Bexsero (Novartis), which was approved in Europe. However, the lack of information on OMV biogenesis hinders modification for large-scale OMV production, and the excessive toxicity of pathogen-derived OMVs prevents their clinical applic ...
... immune response and have been developed into a vaccine formula, Bexsero (Novartis), which was approved in Europe. However, the lack of information on OMV biogenesis hinders modification for large-scale OMV production, and the excessive toxicity of pathogen-derived OMVs prevents their clinical applic ...
MEMBRANE PROTEINS SYNTHESIZED BY
... molecular weight of 45,000 • 3,000. Koch et al. (22) report that only one protein, with an estimated molecular weight of 33,000, is present in membranes of rabbit reticulocytes but is absent in erythrocyte membranes. Our preparations do not show this difference. Incubation of human erythrocyte membr ...
... molecular weight of 45,000 • 3,000. Koch et al. (22) report that only one protein, with an estimated molecular weight of 33,000, is present in membranes of rabbit reticulocytes but is absent in erythrocyte membranes. Our preparations do not show this difference. Incubation of human erythrocyte membr ...
Receptor Cell Biology: Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
... Irrespective of their nomenclature, all endocytotic sorting organelles have a rather characteristic structure/function relationship. To date these organelles have been identified by virtue of being intermediates along the endocytotic routes (i.e. no specific molecular markers exist) (43). Thus, most ...
... Irrespective of their nomenclature, all endocytotic sorting organelles have a rather characteristic structure/function relationship. To date these organelles have been identified by virtue of being intermediates along the endocytotic routes (i.e. no specific molecular markers exist) (43). Thus, most ...
Pore-Forming Proteins and Adaptation of Living Organisms to
... Clostridium perfringens perfringolysin O pores formed in a cholesterol-containing lipid bilayer [155]. d) Electron microscopy of B. cereus hemolysin II pore in liposomes; e) a model of this pore (view from above) [96]. ...
... Clostridium perfringens perfringolysin O pores formed in a cholesterol-containing lipid bilayer [155]. d) Electron microscopy of B. cereus hemolysin II pore in liposomes; e) a model of this pore (view from above) [96]. ...
Thylakoid biogenesis has joined the new era of bacterial cell biology
... constituents of these complexes, i.e., photosystem II (PSII), the cytb6 f complex and photosystem I (PS I) (Eberhard et al., 2008; Umena et al., 2011). They are composed of dozens of protein subunits as well as hundreds of organic and inorganic co-factors, most of which are embedded in the lipid bil ...
... constituents of these complexes, i.e., photosystem II (PSII), the cytb6 f complex and photosystem I (PS I) (Eberhard et al., 2008; Umena et al., 2011). They are composed of dozens of protein subunits as well as hundreds of organic and inorganic co-factors, most of which are embedded in the lipid bil ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.