Development of Structure and Sensitivity of the Fish Inner Ear
... The otic placode, one of several dorsolateral placodes, is an epithelial thickening of the ectoderm near the middle of the developing hindbrain (Nelsen 1953; Kelly and Corwin 1992). The hindbrain develops from the neural tube and has a complex series of rhombomeres or bulges that have differential g ...
... The otic placode, one of several dorsolateral placodes, is an epithelial thickening of the ectoderm near the middle of the developing hindbrain (Nelsen 1953; Kelly and Corwin 1992). The hindbrain develops from the neural tube and has a complex series of rhombomeres or bulges that have differential g ...
Pike are just plain designed to eat fish: elongated snout, strong jaws
... minnows to bluegills, to suckers, to ciscoes and just about everything in between. Amphibians, small mammals, and ducks? Affirmative. Makes you wonder what kind of pike grub science hasn’t found. Studies show that pike are flexible in what they eat, and a lot of it depends on what’s available. And i ...
... minnows to bluegills, to suckers, to ciscoes and just about everything in between. Amphibians, small mammals, and ducks? Affirmative. Makes you wonder what kind of pike grub science hasn’t found. Studies show that pike are flexible in what they eat, and a lot of it depends on what’s available. And i ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... cat visual cortex (Barlow et al., 1967; Nikara et al., 1968); later, similar neurons were found in monkey visual cortex such as V1, V2, V3, and V3A (Hubel and Livingstone, 1987; Poggio et al., 1985, 1988; Adams and Zeki, 2001). The neurons in these areas had relatively small receptive fields with re ...
... cat visual cortex (Barlow et al., 1967; Nikara et al., 1968); later, similar neurons were found in monkey visual cortex such as V1, V2, V3, and V3A (Hubel and Livingstone, 1987; Poggio et al., 1985, 1988; Adams and Zeki, 2001). The neurons in these areas had relatively small receptive fields with re ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... 1977; McClaskey, Pisoni, & Carrell, 1983). For example, monolingual speakers of English were trained to distinguish between two pre-voiced /ba/ syllables. They learned to label one pre-voiced /ba/ syllable as “mba” and another as “ba” (Tremblay et al., 1997, 1998). The purpose of this study was to d ...
... 1977; McClaskey, Pisoni, & Carrell, 1983). For example, monolingual speakers of English were trained to distinguish between two pre-voiced /ba/ syllables. They learned to label one pre-voiced /ba/ syllable as “mba” and another as “ba” (Tremblay et al., 1997, 1998). The purpose of this study was to d ...
Phylum Ctenophora
... Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts) ...
... Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts) ...
EEG & Sleep
... 1- scar tissue in brain, 2- Tumor, 3- some destroyed part of brain tissue • In Jacks, as the wave of excitation spreads over motor cortex, it causes progressive march ...
... 1- scar tissue in brain, 2- Tumor, 3- some destroyed part of brain tissue • In Jacks, as the wave of excitation spreads over motor cortex, it causes progressive march ...
Starfish (Sea Stars): Asteroidea
... depending on species. The arms define five radii of symmetry. With the starfish held oral surface uppermost and with the arm opposite the madreporite labelled A, the other arms/radii are labelled clockwise in alphabetical order. Interradii are between the arms. Dimensions vary, the largest starfish ...
... depending on species. The arms define five radii of symmetry. With the starfish held oral surface uppermost and with the arm opposite the madreporite labelled A, the other arms/radii are labelled clockwise in alphabetical order. Interradii are between the arms. Dimensions vary, the largest starfish ...
Cortical Parcellations of the Macaque Monkey
... that differ in architecture, connectivity, topographic organization, and/or functional characteristics (Felleman and Van Essen 1991; Kaas 2005). The macaque monkey is the most intensively studied nonhuman primate, yet despite a century’s effort, an accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lackin ...
... that differ in architecture, connectivity, topographic organization, and/or functional characteristics (Felleman and Van Essen 1991; Kaas 2005). The macaque monkey is the most intensively studied nonhuman primate, yet despite a century’s effort, an accurate, consensus cortical parcellation is lackin ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... The body temperature was kept at 37.5°C by means of a feedbackcontrolled heating pad. Contact lenses with artificial pupils (3 mm diameter) were used to cover the eyes, which were frequently rinsed with artificial eye liquid (Liquifilm; Pharm-Allergan). Pupils were dilated by atropine (5 mg /ml), an ...
... The body temperature was kept at 37.5°C by means of a feedbackcontrolled heating pad. Contact lenses with artificial pupils (3 mm diameter) were used to cover the eyes, which were frequently rinsed with artificial eye liquid (Liquifilm; Pharm-Allergan). Pupils were dilated by atropine (5 mg /ml), an ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... and Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA) labels (see below), provides support that most hindbrain recordings were not primary afferents. An auditory search stimulus (100 or 200 Hz tone bursts at 124–126 dBrms re: 1 lPa; 10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) was presented to the ani ...
... and Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA) labels (see below), provides support that most hindbrain recordings were not primary afferents. An auditory search stimulus (100 or 200 Hz tone bursts at 124–126 dBrms re: 1 lPa; 10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) was presented to the ani ...
Combining molecular gut content analysis and functional
... The simplicity of functional responses, however, may come at the cost of accuracy. Functional ...
... The simplicity of functional responses, however, may come at the cost of accuracy. Functional ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
Aquatic Noise Pollution: Implications for Individuals, Populations
... ESM 1. Studies investigating the effect of noise pollution on aquatic organisms. Studies were derived from a web of science search in June 2016 using the terms "noise" and "invertebrate", or "reptile", or "fish", or "mammal". This search returned more than 2500 studies, each of which was screened. T ...
... ESM 1. Studies investigating the effect of noise pollution on aquatic organisms. Studies were derived from a web of science search in June 2016 using the terms "noise" and "invertebrate", or "reptile", or "fish", or "mammal". This search returned more than 2500 studies, each of which was screened. T ...
Stereological estimation of dendritic coverage in the capybara SCG
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... http://www.astrocyte.org/article.php?sid=3&mode=nested&order=0#Anchor-25-4711 ...
... http://www.astrocyte.org/article.php?sid=3&mode=nested&order=0#Anchor-25-4711 ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... sequence (Fig. 1C). As flicker frequency increased, the tonic response component became truncated more and more by the inhibition following the phasic response to the respective next stimulus. Moreover, there was an indication for an entrainment at the beginning of the response, the later bursts bei ...
... sequence (Fig. 1C). As flicker frequency increased, the tonic response component became truncated more and more by the inhibition following the phasic response to the respective next stimulus. Moreover, there was an indication for an entrainment at the beginning of the response, the later bursts bei ...
LABORATORY EXERCISE 3 PHYLUM CNIDARIA
... (5) What are the physiological mechanisms that explain the physical ability of Hydra to swallow anything? Can all its swallowing movements be explained in terms of muscle fibers known to exist in its body? In your notebook, construct a scheme based on your recorded observations and experiments which ...
... (5) What are the physiological mechanisms that explain the physical ability of Hydra to swallow anything? Can all its swallowing movements be explained in terms of muscle fibers known to exist in its body? In your notebook, construct a scheme based on your recorded observations and experiments which ...
Fast Network Oscillations in the Hippocampal CA1
... waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field activity was relatively small or entirely absent (Fig. 1). These lower-amplitude events were of slower frequency (,140 Hz), and ...
... waves reversed abruptly below the pyramidal layer, and their amplitude decreased steeply in stratum radiatum. In between large ripples, the fast (.100 Hz) oscillatory field activity was relatively small or entirely absent (Fig. 1). These lower-amplitude events were of slower frequency (,140 Hz), and ...
From swimming to walking with a salamander robot
... demonstrates how a primitive neural circuit for swimming can be extended by phylogenetically more recent limb oscillatory centers to explain the ability of salamanders to switch between swimming and walking. The model suggests neural mechanisms for modulation of velocity, direction, and type of gait ...
... demonstrates how a primitive neural circuit for swimming can be extended by phylogenetically more recent limb oscillatory centers to explain the ability of salamanders to switch between swimming and walking. The model suggests neural mechanisms for modulation of velocity, direction, and type of gait ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... are equivalent to step functions in our one-dimensional model. To generate responses for decoding, we presented each stimulus to the model 50 times, for a total of 150 presentations. The response ri of each tectal cell to each presentation of each stimulus was recorded. Decoding was performed as des ...
... are equivalent to step functions in our one-dimensional model. To generate responses for decoding, we presented each stimulus to the model 50 times, for a total of 150 presentations. The response ri of each tectal cell to each presentation of each stimulus was recorded. Decoding was performed as des ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) is used for song recognition (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997). Accordingly, artificial stimuli were designed to capture the most salient statistical properties of the AM signals: their typical time sca ...
... pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) is used for song recognition (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997). Accordingly, artificial stimuli were designed to capture the most salient statistical properties of the AM signals: their typical time sca ...
Surface wave detection by animals
Surface wave detection by animals is the process by which animals, such as surface-feeding fish are able to sense and localize prey and other objects on the surface of a body of water by analyzing features of the ripples generated by objects' movement at the surface. Features analyzed include waveform properties such as frequency, change in frequency, and amplitude, and the curvature of the wavefront. A number of different species are proficient in surface wave detection, including some aquatic insects and toads, though most research is done on the topminnow/surface killfish Aplocheilus lineatus. The fish and other animals with this ability spend large amounts of time near the water surface, some just to feed and others their entire lives.