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The simplest of metazoan phyla: `Parazoa`
The simplest of metazoan phyla: `Parazoa`

... • Support via hydrostatic skeleton (trapped water) or viscoelastic skeleton. Hydrostatic: deformable but not compressible Viscoelastic: deformable but “springy” (elastic), not compressible ...
Human Values and Virtues
Human Values and Virtues

...  security (permanence against contractual, pension, and retirement benefits)  environment(anti-pollution activities)  offer opportunities for all, according to their abilities, but without discrimination. ...
Lab 6: Animal Diversity
Lab 6: Animal Diversity

... Bio 10 ...
Chapter 30: Comparing Invertebrates
Chapter 30: Comparing Invertebrates

... There are two basic ways in which sperm cells and egg cells are brought together in sexual reproduction: __________________________________________ and ...
Moral Reasoning and Moral Development
Moral Reasoning and Moral Development

... – How can a person reach a conclusion about an ethical dilemma? – Do ethical dilemmas have answers that would be universally accepted as right, proper, and appropriate? ...
BUSINESS ETHICS
BUSINESS ETHICS

... than cheating, although cheating can make me graduate. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. Another way of expressing this is ‘universalizable’ or taking the point of view of an ‘ideal observer.’ Still, this impartiality must be balanced with partiality towards those we have a s ...
Aristotle Reading Study Guide Phil 240 Introduction to Ethical
Aristotle Reading Study Guide Phil 240 Introduction to Ethical

... by determining the function of human beings. Just as a good flute player is one who plays the flute well, a good person will be one who fulfills the function of human beings. Aristotle argues that because humans are distinctive from other animals insofar as they are rational, the function of human b ...
A Framework For Thinking Ethically
A Framework For Thinking Ethically

... stake because they have a special need or because we have special obligations to them?  What are the options for acting? Have all the relevant persons and groups been consulted? If you showed your list of options to someone you respect, what would that person say? ...
here
here

... cultural problem rather than a solution. In Whose Justice? Which Rationality? MacIntyre writes that: [m]odern academic philosophy turns out by and large to provide means for a more accurate and informed definition of disagreement rather than for progress toward its resolution. (1988, p. 3) In Ethics ...
Virtue ethics
Virtue ethics

... because those actions are right? A similar problem faced by Divine Command Theory. ...
m5zn_ed8434aebc6cfba
m5zn_ed8434aebc6cfba

... to function. Aristotle argued that morality is tied to the function of a human being. This should not be confused with any idea that meals or teeth are directly linked to the ethical use of language or the moral domain of human life. ...
Ethics - Handout 22 Susan Wolf, "Moral Saints"
Ethics - Handout 22 Susan Wolf, "Moral Saints"

... ideal. But, she says, this isn’t the right way to think of these other values: “[T]he admiration of and striving toward achieving any of a great variety of forms of personal excellence are character traits it is valuable and desirable for people to have. In advocating the development of these variet ...
Introduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals

... body parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel (echinoderms) • Most animals with radial symmetry are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little) ...
Ethics, philosophy, and history
Ethics, philosophy, and history

... • Rachel Carson (1962) – “Silent Spring” – Sparked modern environmental movement ...
PHYLUM ANNELIDA The Segmented Worms. There are
PHYLUM ANNELIDA The Segmented Worms. There are

... are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. In terrestrial environments, the worms cannot be removed from moisture for an extended period of time or they will dry up. Annelids are either herbivores or carnivores. The earthworms, for example, feed upon organic matter in the mud, while m ...
Section 29–2 Form and Function in Invertebrates
Section 29–2 Form and Function in Invertebrates

... 18. Number the following groups of invertebrates according to how centralized their nervous system is. Number the group with the simplest nervous system 1. a. Flatworms b. Cnidarians c. Arthropods 19. What is cephalization? 20. Is the following sentence true or false? The more complex an animal’s ne ...
Lecture
Lecture

... morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure. ...
Beginning to Understand Ethics
Beginning to Understand Ethics

... not relative to circumstances). Ethical subjectivism is also compatible with moral relativism when that is taken to mean the opposite of absolutism, that is, as the claim that moral precepts should be adjusted to circumstances, as in consequentialism. Use the Power Point to get the basic information ...
Kant`s moral philosophy is powerful and compelling. But it can
Kant`s moral philosophy is powerful and compelling. But it can

... possible? Only because “the idea of freedom makes me a member of the intelligible world.”31 The idea that we can act freely, take moral responsibility for our actions, and hold other people morally responsible for their actions requires that we see ourselves from this perspective—from the standpoint ...
Chapter 33 – Invertebrates
Chapter 33 – Invertebrates

... Many require an intermediate host in which the larvae develop before infecting the final hosts (usually a vertebrate) where the adult worm lives. ...
For Creative Minds - Arbordale Publishing
For Creative Minds - Arbordale Publishing

... some characteristic. You might sort candy by the shape or by what’s in the candy. Or you might sort some types of candy by color. You can sort toys by how you use them, where you use them, or by size. When you sort things, you are classifying them by some characteristic. Scientists sort things too. ...
Prescriptivism
Prescriptivism

... ownership, then I must think that it is wrong for me to steal from you, because it infringes your rights of ownership – unless I can say that there is some relevant difference between the two cases. We must be willing to ‘universalize’ our moral judgements. Not to do so is logically contradictory. O ...
The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology
The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology

... • The moral law also calls us to safeguard human dignity for all • It also calls us to serve and love one another • Social morality seeks to distract from the tendency to focus on ourselves ...
Major Ethical Theories - Michigan State University
Major Ethical Theories - Michigan State University

... Why are two the same? Could one will the opposite of “treat others as ends and never as means only” to be universal law? If so, I should treat others as means only Then others should treat me as means ...
Chapter One: Why Be Ethical?
Chapter One: Why Be Ethical?

... results of actions, but by the motive behind ...
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Speciesism

Speciesism (/ˈspiːʃiːˌzɪzəm, -siːˌzɪz-/) involves the assignment of different values, rights, or special consideration to individuals solely on the basis of their species membership. The term is sometimes used by animal rights advocates, who argue that speciesism is a prejudice similar to racism or sexism, in that the treatment of individuals is predicated on group membership and morally irrelevant physical differences. The argument is that species membership has no moral significance.The term is not used consistently, but broadly embraces two ideas. It usually refers to ""human speciesism"" (human supremacism), the exclusion of all nonhuman animals from the protections afforded to humans. It can also refer to the more general idea of assigning value to a being on the basis of species membership alone, so that ""human-chimpanzee speciesism"" would involve human beings favouring rights for chimpanzees over rights for dogs, because of human-chimpanzee similarities.The arguments against speciesism are contested on various grounds, including the position of some religions that human beings were created as superior in status to other animals, and were awarded ""dominion"" over them, whether as owners or stewards. It is also argued that the physical differences between humans and other species are indeed morally relevant, and that to deny this is to engage in anthropomorphism. Such proponents may explicitly embrace the charge of speciesism, arguing that it recognizes the importance of all human beings, and that species loyalty is justified.
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