PSY402 Theories of Learning
... behavior. Aversive – something undesirable for survival that results in avoidance or escape behavior. Neuroscientists believe there are underlying appetitive and aversive motivational systems in the brain. ...
... behavior. Aversive – something undesirable for survival that results in avoidance or escape behavior. Neuroscientists believe there are underlying appetitive and aversive motivational systems in the brain. ...
Chapter 17
... They may involve interim reinforcers if rule is followed (praise for sticking to a program leading to a larger reinforcer). The individual may make self-reinforcing statements in the interim. Following rules itself may be reinforcing due to our history of reinforcement for following rules in general ...
... They may involve interim reinforcers if rule is followed (praise for sticking to a program leading to a larger reinforcer). The individual may make self-reinforcing statements in the interim. Following rules itself may be reinforcing due to our history of reinforcement for following rules in general ...
Operant Conditioning
... Skinner wrote a novel outlining how rewards and punishments could be used to create a utopian society. Experimental communities were created based on his ideas One of these still exists. An upbeat attitude is instilled in children by only rewarding positive statements like “I like it” and “I’m ...
... Skinner wrote a novel outlining how rewards and punishments could be used to create a utopian society. Experimental communities were created based on his ideas One of these still exists. An upbeat attitude is instilled in children by only rewarding positive statements like “I like it” and “I’m ...
Unique Associations of Callous-Unemotional Versus Oppositional
... problems are more malleable at younger ages (e.g., Dishion et al., 2008; Reid et al., 2004), allowing for greater possibility of improving children’s current and future outcomes through early‐starting treatment and interventions strategies. Finally, the preschool years represent an important time ...
... problems are more malleable at younger ages (e.g., Dishion et al., 2008; Reid et al., 2004), allowing for greater possibility of improving children’s current and future outcomes through early‐starting treatment and interventions strategies. Finally, the preschool years represent an important time ...
Chapter 6 - Learning
... • Generalization the capacity to respond to stimuli similar to the CS • Discrimination- the capacity to distinguish between the CS and irrelevant stimuli ...
... • Generalization the capacity to respond to stimuli similar to the CS • Discrimination- the capacity to distinguish between the CS and irrelevant stimuli ...
leadership
... reward are strengthened and responses that don’t lead to reward are weakened. Law of exercise: Connection between stimuli and responses are strengthen by practice and weakened by disuse. ...
... reward are strengthened and responses that don’t lead to reward are weakened. Law of exercise: Connection between stimuli and responses are strengthen by practice and weakened by disuse. ...
Learning PPT
... • We learn by observing others’ reactions to stimulus or others’ outcomes – Learn to be afraid of shots at the doctor after watching your sister cry after getting a shot – Seeing a friend get a sticker for an A on his homework (you learn to do your homework) ...
... • We learn by observing others’ reactions to stimulus or others’ outcomes – Learn to be afraid of shots at the doctor after watching your sister cry after getting a shot – Seeing a friend get a sticker for an A on his homework (you learn to do your homework) ...
Behavior - Angelfire
... disciplines study animal behavior. The field of animal behavior is concerned with understanding the causes, functions, development, and evolution of behavior. The causes of behavior include all of the stimuli that affect behavior, whether external (food or predators) or internal (hormones or nervous ...
... disciplines study animal behavior. The field of animal behavior is concerned with understanding the causes, functions, development, and evolution of behavior. The causes of behavior include all of the stimuli that affect behavior, whether external (food or predators) or internal (hormones or nervous ...
Chapter 2 An Introduction to ABA Concepts: Terminology, Principles
... 1. Behavior involves personal states and feelings, such as, being happy, sad, or tired. T or ...
... 1. Behavior involves personal states and feelings, such as, being happy, sad, or tired. T or ...
2 Kinds of Reinforcement 2 Kinds of Punishment
... • Only indicates what not to do – doesn’t necessarily increase the correct response • Often not delivered immediately after the undesired behavior • May trigger emotional responses, sometimes even aggressive responses • “Negative punishment” has fewer side effects ...
... • Only indicates what not to do – doesn’t necessarily increase the correct response • Often not delivered immediately after the undesired behavior • May trigger emotional responses, sometimes even aggressive responses • “Negative punishment” has fewer side effects ...
The Learning Perspective
... • Less focus on physical needs in the reinforcement of human behavior, but rather on the effects of smiles, hugs, praise, approval, love, and interest and attention of others • People are most affected by social reinforcement • Social reinforcers don’t require a state of deprivation • Invoke princip ...
... • Less focus on physical needs in the reinforcement of human behavior, but rather on the effects of smiles, hugs, praise, approval, love, and interest and attention of others • People are most affected by social reinforcement • Social reinforcers don’t require a state of deprivation • Invoke princip ...
CHAPTER 2 FOUNDATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
... argued that creating pleasing consequences to follow specific forms of behavior would increase the frequency of that behavior. People will most likely engage in desired behaviors if they are positively reinforced for doing so. Rewards are most effective if they immediately follow the desired respons ...
... argued that creating pleasing consequences to follow specific forms of behavior would increase the frequency of that behavior. People will most likely engage in desired behaviors if they are positively reinforced for doing so. Rewards are most effective if they immediately follow the desired respons ...
Self Instructional: Cognitive Behavioral
... Observational Learning Attentional Processes – seeing is not enough; one must perceive accurately by attending at varying degrees Retention Processes – imaginal & verbal coding (self-talk) describe subvocal events for remembering Motor Reproduction Process – translating observed phenomena into actio ...
... Observational Learning Attentional Processes – seeing is not enough; one must perceive accurately by attending at varying degrees Retention Processes – imaginal & verbal coding (self-talk) describe subvocal events for remembering Motor Reproduction Process – translating observed phenomena into actio ...
What is reinforcement?
... • It is just that the exact behaviors and consequences are not always so easy to identify. • According to Skinner - just because you can’t identify the reinforcer, doesn’t mean it’s not there. ...
... • It is just that the exact behaviors and consequences are not always so easy to identify. • According to Skinner - just because you can’t identify the reinforcer, doesn’t mean it’s not there. ...
CHAPTER 3
... • Occurs when a person witnesses the behavior of another and vicariously experiences the consequences of the other person’s actions • Appropriate for simple tasks • Numerous trials and rehearsals unnecessary • No apparent reward is administered in observation ...
... • Occurs when a person witnesses the behavior of another and vicariously experiences the consequences of the other person’s actions • Appropriate for simple tasks • Numerous trials and rehearsals unnecessary • No apparent reward is administered in observation ...
Module 19 Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning
... Punished behaviors may simply be suppressed, and restart when the punishment is over. Instead of learning behaviors, the child may learn to discriminate among situations, and avoid those in which ...
... Punished behaviors may simply be suppressed, and restart when the punishment is over. Instead of learning behaviors, the child may learn to discriminate among situations, and avoid those in which ...
Classical Conditioning, continued
... Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate reinforcer ...
... Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate reinforcer ...
Boot Camp
... “One developed a tossing response as if placing its head beneath an invisible bar and lifting it repeatedly” ...
... “One developed a tossing response as if placing its head beneath an invisible bar and lifting it repeatedly” ...
Behaviorism What is Learning? - University of California, Irvine
... • Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
... • Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
Behaviorism_298 (English) - UC Irvine, OpenCourseWare
... Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
... Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
Behavior - Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
... Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
... Operants are emitted behaviors, some of which are reinforced ...
B.F. Skinner: The Behavioral Approach
... Kinds of Behavior: Operant Behavior Not all behavior is a direct response to environmental stimuli (respondent beh.) Nature and frequency of behavior determined by reinforcement following behavior Behavior that operates on the environment and changes it ...
... Kinds of Behavior: Operant Behavior Not all behavior is a direct response to environmental stimuli (respondent beh.) Nature and frequency of behavior determined by reinforcement following behavior Behavior that operates on the environment and changes it ...
Learning - Altoona School District
... III. Instrumental Learning A. An organism’s behavior is instrumental in producing an environmental change that in turn affects the organism’s behavior A. Primarily based on the type of consequences that occur after the behavior B. Based on the work of Edward Thorndike ...
... III. Instrumental Learning A. An organism’s behavior is instrumental in producing an environmental change that in turn affects the organism’s behavior A. Primarily based on the type of consequences that occur after the behavior B. Based on the work of Edward Thorndike ...
Instrumental & Operant Conditioning
... A child takes out the garbage and her mother stops nagging Negative reinforcement, the behavior is more likely to recur ...
... A child takes out the garbage and her mother stops nagging Negative reinforcement, the behavior is more likely to recur ...
Animal Behavior - rci.rutgers.edu
... Behavior contributes to homeostasis a. Many body variables must be maintained within narrow ranges i. Body temperature for example b. Behavior may contribute to this process i. Ectotherms may bask on a warm rock or hide in a burrow Behavior reflects the collective of all physiological systems a. Onl ...
... Behavior contributes to homeostasis a. Many body variables must be maintained within narrow ranges i. Body temperature for example b. Behavior may contribute to this process i. Ectotherms may bask on a warm rock or hide in a burrow Behavior reflects the collective of all physiological systems a. Onl ...