DEEP SEA CORALS
... coral reef structures that have eroded over many thousands of years to steep sided pinnacles and plateaus. Though the original reefs are long gone, these areas still flourish with lush forests of soft corals, black corals, sponges, sea-lilies, and deep sea stony corals. Along the continental slope a ...
... coral reef structures that have eroded over many thousands of years to steep sided pinnacles and plateaus. Though the original reefs are long gone, these areas still flourish with lush forests of soft corals, black corals, sponges, sea-lilies, and deep sea stony corals. Along the continental slope a ...
CHAPTER 23 - CONNECTING THE OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH
... Box 23.1 Special Focus on Microbial Diversity ...
... Box 23.1 Special Focus on Microbial Diversity ...
1 Part 2. Oceanic Carbon and Nutrient Cycling Lecture Outline 1
... • The zone of methanogenesis underlies the zone of sulfate reduction. - Sulfate reducing bacteria out-compete methanogens for reduced C substrates. • Because the oceans have high SO42- concentrations (28 mM), methanogenesis is uncommon. • Most methane released from sediments is oxidized in the water ...
... • The zone of methanogenesis underlies the zone of sulfate reduction. - Sulfate reducing bacteria out-compete methanogens for reduced C substrates. • Because the oceans have high SO42- concentrations (28 mM), methanogenesis is uncommon. • Most methane released from sediments is oxidized in the water ...
Chapter 09 - Water: A Physically Unique Molecule
... Hydrostatic pressure doesn’t affect marine organisms because it is the same inside the organism as outside. Living tissue is made primarily of water, which (within limits) transmits pressure evenly. Since it’s in balance, pressure doesn’t crush or harm marine organisms. Hydrostatic pressure is ...
... Hydrostatic pressure doesn’t affect marine organisms because it is the same inside the organism as outside. Living tissue is made primarily of water, which (within limits) transmits pressure evenly. Since it’s in balance, pressure doesn’t crush or harm marine organisms. Hydrostatic pressure is ...
File - Warta MHS Science
... that some species are autotrophic and possess pigments necessary for photosynthesis (fig. 12.7a and b); some species are heterotrophic (fig. 12.7c and d) and are incapable of photosynthesis; and some species are both autotrophic and heterotrophic, depending on food availability. Evolutionary biologi ...
... that some species are autotrophic and possess pigments necessary for photosynthesis (fig. 12.7a and b); some species are heterotrophic (fig. 12.7c and d) and are incapable of photosynthesis; and some species are both autotrophic and heterotrophic, depending on food availability. Evolutionary biologi ...
Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Deep Waters and High Seas
... for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations” (UNEP) and “to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensur ...
... for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations” (UNEP) and “to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensur ...
Full text in pdf format
... ABSTRACT: Organic material entering the oceanic mesopelagic zone may either reenter the euphotic zone or settle into deeper waters. Therefore it is important to know about mechanisms and efficiency of substrate conversion in this water layer. Bactenal biomass, bactena secondary production (BSP),extr ...
... ABSTRACT: Organic material entering the oceanic mesopelagic zone may either reenter the euphotic zone or settle into deeper waters. Therefore it is important to know about mechanisms and efficiency of substrate conversion in this water layer. Bactenal biomass, bactena secondary production (BSP),extr ...
Marine Biology: Study Guide
... Many organisms use the sugar and oxygen produced from photosynthesis in a second process known as aerobic respiration. Be able to describe both processes as equations, and demonstrate that one is (in part) the reverse of the other. What are producers? what are consumers? How do these terms relate t ...
... Many organisms use the sugar and oxygen produced from photosynthesis in a second process known as aerobic respiration. Be able to describe both processes as equations, and demonstrate that one is (in part) the reverse of the other. What are producers? what are consumers? How do these terms relate t ...
IM_chapter9 Seafloor
... spectacular and beautiful ecosystems are home to more than one-fourth of all marine plant and animal species. Reefs are built of tiny coral polyps that construct calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells around their bodies. The coral polyps enjoy a mutually beneficial relationship with minute algae called z ...
... spectacular and beautiful ecosystems are home to more than one-fourth of all marine plant and animal species. Reefs are built of tiny coral polyps that construct calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells around their bodies. The coral polyps enjoy a mutually beneficial relationship with minute algae called z ...
Part 3. Oceanic Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
... boundary, and may also enter the water from bubbles mixed down by breaking waves. In the surface ocean the gas reacts with water molecules to create carbonic acid [H2CO3], which in turn dissociates into hydrogen ions [H +] and bicarbonate ions [HC03-]. This transition allows more CO2 gas to be disso ...
... boundary, and may also enter the water from bubbles mixed down by breaking waves. In the surface ocean the gas reacts with water molecules to create carbonic acid [H2CO3], which in turn dissociates into hydrogen ions [H +] and bicarbonate ions [HC03-]. This transition allows more CO2 gas to be disso ...
Sea Animals and Sound by Michael Stocker
... relationship that fish and other sea animals have with sound is less understood. There are many reasons for this: we don’t often experience these animals in their environment – they are not as large or interactive with humans as some whales and dolphins are; encounters with these animals and determi ...
... relationship that fish and other sea animals have with sound is less understood. There are many reasons for this: we don’t often experience these animals in their environment – they are not as large or interactive with humans as some whales and dolphins are; encounters with these animals and determi ...
Zoogeography – part 1 - Royal Museum for Central Africa
... Charles Lyell was the ‘father of geology’. He also thought climates changed through time and found fossils adapted to different habitats than from they were discovered. He recognized that the earth must be much older than just a few thousand years. However, he rejected the idea that species are al ...
... Charles Lyell was the ‘father of geology’. He also thought climates changed through time and found fossils adapted to different habitats than from they were discovered. He recognized that the earth must be much older than just a few thousand years. However, he rejected the idea that species are al ...
Chapter 11 Sampling the Marine Realm
... characteristics of water masses on scales ranging up to entire ocean circulations. The vertical structure of the water column is also important, especially the depth of the mixed layers, as this influences nutrient and light levels that control phytoplankton growth and assemblage composition. Althou ...
... characteristics of water masses on scales ranging up to entire ocean circulations. The vertical structure of the water column is also important, especially the depth of the mixed layers, as this influences nutrient and light levels that control phytoplankton growth and assemblage composition. Althou ...
Design, Installation, and Operation of the PLUTO
... from the water column onto the seafloor? What are the influences of these processes on primary (photosynthesis) and secondary (zooplankton) production in the water column? Are CO2 levels and pH changing and what is the impact of this change on calcification in corals? How do physical processes such ...
... from the water column onto the seafloor? What are the influences of these processes on primary (photosynthesis) and secondary (zooplankton) production in the water column? Are CO2 levels and pH changing and what is the impact of this change on calcification in corals? How do physical processes such ...
Plankton 2015 - State of Australia`s oceans
... plankton derives from the Greek planktos meaning “to drift”, and although many of the phytoplankton move (by flagella or cilia) and zooplankton swim, none can progress against currents. Most plankton is microscopic, but some such as jellyfish can be 2 m in diameter. Plankton communities are highly d ...
... plankton derives from the Greek planktos meaning “to drift”, and although many of the phytoplankton move (by flagella or cilia) and zooplankton swim, none can progress against currents. Most plankton is microscopic, but some such as jellyfish can be 2 m in diameter. Plankton communities are highly d ...
- ePrints Soton
... - Physical Environmentanomaly because it demonstrated particularly coarse sediment and notable bedforms reminiscent of a dynamic seabed environment. Other bedforms were noted at the deepest sites but these are better described as more gently undulating seafloor, with occasional topographic highs th ...
... - Physical Environmentanomaly because it demonstrated particularly coarse sediment and notable bedforms reminiscent of a dynamic seabed environment. Other bedforms were noted at the deepest sites but these are better described as more gently undulating seafloor, with occasional topographic highs th ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... such as reductions in pH and carbonate mineral saturation state caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Such carbonate chemistry changes have widespread effects on the physiological processes of many taxa of marine organisms (Kroeker et al. 2013). It is important to re ...
... such as reductions in pH and carbonate mineral saturation state caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Such carbonate chemistry changes have widespread effects on the physiological processes of many taxa of marine organisms (Kroeker et al. 2013). It is important to re ...
Name
... One distinction between transform faults and fracture zones is that transform faults are: a. aseismic in comparison to fracture zones that are seismically active. ...
... One distinction between transform faults and fracture zones is that transform faults are: a. aseismic in comparison to fracture zones that are seismically active. ...
Fish stock assessments and predictions: integrating relevant
... degree Celsius for most fish stocks is much larger at the lower temperature range; secondly, at the lower range of temperature most marine organisms throughout the trophic levels of the ecosystem respond uniformly with increasing vital rates with increasing temperature resulting in a general increas ...
... degree Celsius for most fish stocks is much larger at the lower temperature range; secondly, at the lower range of temperature most marine organisms throughout the trophic levels of the ecosystem respond uniformly with increasing vital rates with increasing temperature resulting in a general increas ...
Unit 3 : Oceans
... exponentially because water is almost impossible to compress, so its mass is equally distributed throughout a vertical water column. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch (also referred to as "one atmosphere"), and pressure increases by an additional atmosphere for every 1 ...
... exponentially because water is almost impossible to compress, so its mass is equally distributed throughout a vertical water column. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch (also referred to as "one atmosphere"), and pressure increases by an additional atmosphere for every 1 ...
Hoto (AZTI response)
... biological communities of interest or protected species. With all this information and a validated hydrodynamic model (handled by expert personnel), several modelizations should be realised to define the extent of the pollutant dispersion, and to determine the affected areas, pollutant loads, carryi ...
... biological communities of interest or protected species. With all this information and a validated hydrodynamic model (handled by expert personnel), several modelizations should be realised to define the extent of the pollutant dispersion, and to determine the affected areas, pollutant loads, carryi ...
Earth`s Oceans Power Point
... float at or near the surface where sunlight can penetrate. Most of the plankton are very small, such as algae. These organisms drift with the currents or tides. Plankton are the main food for many larger organisms. They account for most of the organisms in the ocean. ...
... float at or near the surface where sunlight can penetrate. Most of the plankton are very small, such as algae. These organisms drift with the currents or tides. Plankton are the main food for many larger organisms. They account for most of the organisms in the ocean. ...
The “marine heat wave” off Western Australia during the summer of
... levels during February and March 2011, and this warming event has been termed a “marine heat wave”. While surface temperatures were more than 3°C above the long-term monthly average over an extended area in February 2011, the temperature in some localised areas in coastal waters exceeded the long-te ...
... levels during February and March 2011, and this warming event has been termed a “marine heat wave”. While surface temperatures were more than 3°C above the long-term monthly average over an extended area in February 2011, the temperature in some localised areas in coastal waters exceeded the long-te ...
The Oceans - Academic Program Pages
... brunt of tsunamis—great waves generated by earthquakes. Traveling much faster than any of the Pacific’s normal currents (right), tsunamis cross the open ocean at the speed of a modern jet. Yet they cannot be seen or felt far from land: only when tsunamis reach the shallows do they build into monstro ...
... brunt of tsunamis—great waves generated by earthquakes. Traveling much faster than any of the Pacific’s normal currents (right), tsunamis cross the open ocean at the speed of a modern jet. Yet they cannot be seen or felt far from land: only when tsunamis reach the shallows do they build into monstro ...
The Fishprint of Aquaculture Can the Blue
... products as an important part of their diet and their primary source of protein (Costa-Pierce 2003). This means that for those 950 million people a threat to the world’s fisheries means a direct threat to their livelihoods. In 2004, the United Nations “State of the World’s Fisheries” report stated t ...
... products as an important part of their diet and their primary source of protein (Costa-Pierce 2003). This means that for those 950 million people a threat to the world’s fisheries means a direct threat to their livelihoods. In 2004, the United Nations “State of the World’s Fisheries” report stated t ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).