Living Blue Planet Report
... The Living Planet Report 2014 highlighted the alarming state of the natural world upon which our societies and economies depend. The Living Planet Index (LPI), which measures trends in 10,380 populations of 3,038 vertebrate species, declined 52 per cent between 1970 and 2010. In other words, populat ...
... The Living Planet Report 2014 highlighted the alarming state of the natural world upon which our societies and economies depend. The Living Planet Index (LPI), which measures trends in 10,380 populations of 3,038 vertebrate species, declined 52 per cent between 1970 and 2010. In other words, populat ...
Appendix D: Plankton
... Recent theory known as the ‘Bakun Triad’(summarized by Bakun 1996) says that biologically productive pelagic habitats frequently (perhaps always) contain sub-regions that collectively provide access to three critically important processes: ...
... Recent theory known as the ‘Bakun Triad’(summarized by Bakun 1996) says that biologically productive pelagic habitats frequently (perhaps always) contain sub-regions that collectively provide access to three critically important processes: ...
The Biology, Ecology and Vulnerability of Seamount Communities
... be temporary, seasonal or semi-permanent and their role in seamount biology is poorly understood. Seamounts can be highly productive areas attracting many pelagic fish species. Plankton biomass may be increased over seamounts possibly as a result of local enhancement of productivity. Most striking a ...
... be temporary, seasonal or semi-permanent and their role in seamount biology is poorly understood. Seamounts can be highly productive areas attracting many pelagic fish species. Plankton biomass may be increased over seamounts possibly as a result of local enhancement of productivity. Most striking a ...
Hydrography shapes bacterial biogeography of the deep
... phylogenetic diversity and metabolisms, but their role in the oceans remains poorly understood. Deep bacterial communities remain less studied than surface communities, and to our knowledge, in the Arctic Ocean, the composition of deep bacteria communities has never been described. The oceans are no ...
... phylogenetic diversity and metabolisms, but their role in the oceans remains poorly understood. Deep bacterial communities remain less studied than surface communities, and to our knowledge, in the Arctic Ocean, the composition of deep bacteria communities has never been described. The oceans are no ...
Chapter 13 Section 3 Life in the Ocean
... Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued • Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid. • Changes in Salinity Climate and water movement affect salinity. Costal water in cool, humid places has a low salinity. Slow-moving bodies of water have higher salinity t ...
... Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued • Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid. • Changes in Salinity Climate and water movement affect salinity. Costal water in cool, humid places has a low salinity. Slow-moving bodies of water have higher salinity t ...
Chapter 19 - Mr. Goodenough
... capture prey and to escape predators. It will make new cells and eventually reproduce. Like other marine organisms, it is adapted to accomplish these processes in the salty water of the ocean. One of the most important processes in the ocean, as it is on land, is that organisms obtain food to use fo ...
... capture prey and to escape predators. It will make new cells and eventually reproduce. Like other marine organisms, it is adapted to accomplish these processes in the salty water of the ocean. One of the most important processes in the ocean, as it is on land, is that organisms obtain food to use fo ...
Status and trends of, and threats to, deep seabed genetic
... environments, but also the potentially high scientific rewards and commercial profits from deep sea exploration. It also notes that a very small proportion of the deep seabed has been explored thus far, and that the potential for discovery of new species is very high. The lack of knowledge about dee ...
... environments, but also the potentially high scientific rewards and commercial profits from deep sea exploration. It also notes that a very small proportion of the deep seabed has been explored thus far, and that the potential for discovery of new species is very high. The lack of knowledge about dee ...
Salinity (Marine) - Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines
... different solutes and, as such, its density is variable and greater than that of freshwater (Moore 1966). The specific gravity of most animal tissue is comparable to that of seawater (Moore 1966; Giancoli 1991). For those organisms that can control their buoyancy (e.g., teleost fish), alterations in ...
... different solutes and, as such, its density is variable and greater than that of freshwater (Moore 1966). The specific gravity of most animal tissue is comparable to that of seawater (Moore 1966; Giancoli 1991). For those organisms that can control their buoyancy (e.g., teleost fish), alterations in ...
1 Lecture 14 - Marine Sediments – Formation and Distribution
... This does not mean that the input of this material is larger there but rather that there is nothing else to dilute it with. Terrigenous sediments enclose information about river fluxes, sources of the weathered material (provenance), weathering processes on land, wind stress and direction, as well a ...
... This does not mean that the input of this material is larger there but rather that there is nothing else to dilute it with. Terrigenous sediments enclose information about river fluxes, sources of the weathered material (provenance), weathering processes on land, wind stress and direction, as well a ...
Fish, Mollusks and other Sea Animals` use of Sound, and the Impact of
... this report to reiterate this common knowledge. Suffice it to say that it is generally known that cetaceans communicate and navigate with sounds. It is also fairly common knowledge that dolphins and porpoises use sonar to echolocate and distinguish things in the water. Some dolphins and whales also ...
... this report to reiterate this common knowledge. Suffice it to say that it is generally known that cetaceans communicate and navigate with sounds. It is also fairly common knowledge that dolphins and porpoises use sonar to echolocate and distinguish things in the water. Some dolphins and whales also ...
Distribution of squid and fish in the pelagic zone of the
... The composition and distribution of squid and fish collected by Rectangular Midwater Trawls in the upper 200 m were investigated during the BROKE-West (Baseline Research on Oceanography, Krill and the Environment-West) survey (January-March 2006) in CCAMLR Subdivision 58.4.2 of the Southern Ocean. A ...
... The composition and distribution of squid and fish collected by Rectangular Midwater Trawls in the upper 200 m were investigated during the BROKE-West (Baseline Research on Oceanography, Krill and the Environment-West) survey (January-March 2006) in CCAMLR Subdivision 58.4.2 of the Southern Ocean. A ...
info sheet - Mundus maris
... Several garbage patches exist in the Pacific where trash congregates to varying degrees in places where rotating currents and winds converge to accumulate marine debris. Such gyres are observed in other oceans too. Over time, bigger pieces of plastic break down into microparticles which are confound ...
... Several garbage patches exist in the Pacific where trash congregates to varying degrees in places where rotating currents and winds converge to accumulate marine debris. Such gyres are observed in other oceans too. Over time, bigger pieces of plastic break down into microparticles which are confound ...
Uses and Abuses of the Ocean
... beneath the surface of the ocean floor. Slow cooking under this thick sedimentary blanket for millions of years completed the chemical changes that produce oil.3 If the organic material cooked too long, or at too high a temperature, the mixture turned to methane, the dominant component of natural ga ...
... beneath the surface of the ocean floor. Slow cooking under this thick sedimentary blanket for millions of years completed the chemical changes that produce oil.3 If the organic material cooked too long, or at too high a temperature, the mixture turned to methane, the dominant component of natural ga ...
Conceptual models for the biogeochemical role of the photic zone
... classical ‘paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961) also to include heterotrophic bacteria. Since bacteria with their superior surface:volume ratio are usually assumed to be the best competitors at low orthophosphate concentrations, the problem can be illustrated by the following variation of the ...
... classical ‘paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961) also to include heterotrophic bacteria. Since bacteria with their superior surface:volume ratio are usually assumed to be the best competitors at low orthophosphate concentrations, the problem can be illustrated by the following variation of the ...
VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of
... are not mutually exclusive and may work in tandem to produce interesting feedback mechanisms. For example, mid-water zooplankton may not be generalist particle grazers, but have specific adaptations to feed on slow- or fast-sinking particles, or particles with a particular elemental composition. Chan ...
... are not mutually exclusive and may work in tandem to produce interesting feedback mechanisms. For example, mid-water zooplankton may not be generalist particle grazers, but have specific adaptations to feed on slow- or fast-sinking particles, or particles with a particular elemental composition. Chan ...
Midterm review
... It shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation It is necessary for respiration for many organisms It is essential for anaerobic bacteria’s survival It is a byproduct of photosynthesis When oxygen concentrations are high, speciation occurs rapidly ...
... It shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation It is necessary for respiration for many organisms It is essential for anaerobic bacteria’s survival It is a byproduct of photosynthesis When oxygen concentrations are high, speciation occurs rapidly ...
CHAPTER 1 - RECOGNIZING OCEAN ASSETS AND CHALLENGES
... our failure to properly manage the human activities that affect them, are compromising the health of these systems and diminishing our ability to fully realize their potential. ...
... our failure to properly manage the human activities that affect them, are compromising the health of these systems and diminishing our ability to fully realize their potential. ...
IBDIOCC - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
... international symposium which will be participated by Dr. George (chairman of WG) who will also present a paper on vulnerable deep sea ecosystems to ocean carbonate chemistry, especially seamounts southeast of Australia and New Zealand. The WG plans to develop a follow-on capacity building workshop ...
... international symposium which will be participated by Dr. George (chairman of WG) who will also present a paper on vulnerable deep sea ecosystems to ocean carbonate chemistry, especially seamounts southeast of Australia and New Zealand. The WG plans to develop a follow-on capacity building workshop ...
Uncertainty in fisheries management
... carbon dioxide and nutrients. Carbohydrates provide the energy source for resulting food chains, supporting a wide range of grazers, detritivores and predators. Photosynthesis (both marine and terrestrial) also produces oxygen, which enables the metabolic processes on which the grazers and predators ...
... carbon dioxide and nutrients. Carbohydrates provide the energy source for resulting food chains, supporting a wide range of grazers, detritivores and predators. Photosynthesis (both marine and terrestrial) also produces oxygen, which enables the metabolic processes on which the grazers and predators ...
Oceanic processes and the recruitment of tropical fish at Rottnest
... floating Sargassum could arrive at the island with the full juvenile colouration. Larvae that survived from the commencement of settlement in March or April usually reached the sub-adult stage by the end of the year. As no breeding activity was ever observed during any of the surveys at Rottnest Isl ...
... floating Sargassum could arrive at the island with the full juvenile colouration. Larvae that survived from the commencement of settlement in March or April usually reached the sub-adult stage by the end of the year. As no breeding activity was ever observed during any of the surveys at Rottnest Isl ...
Chapter 12
... • Daily movement protects some species from predators. • Predators may be daytime, crepuscular, or night feeders. • Organisms in DSL come to surface only at night. ...
... • Daily movement protects some species from predators. • Predators may be daytime, crepuscular, or night feeders. • Organisms in DSL come to surface only at night. ...
Zooplankton abundance and secondary production in the seas
... Areas of remarkably higher concentrations of zooplankton standing stock were encountered in the northeastern (12°46'-13° 30 N and 93°03'-93°35' E) and southern (08°30'-09°30'N and 92o00'-92o41'E) regions the Andaman and Nicobar seas. The NE monsoon (October-January) was the most productive season fo ...
... Areas of remarkably higher concentrations of zooplankton standing stock were encountered in the northeastern (12°46'-13° 30 N and 93°03'-93°35' E) and southern (08°30'-09°30'N and 92o00'-92o41'E) regions the Andaman and Nicobar seas. The NE monsoon (October-January) was the most productive season fo ...
English
... Guinea Current crosses the region, causing mature regional upwellings. The marine waters have a few habitats for plant and animal species such as shrimp, sardines, and bonga shad. These animal species support artisanal and industrial fisheries. The area Threats to the area include the gradual closin ...
... Guinea Current crosses the region, causing mature regional upwellings. The marine waters have a few habitats for plant and animal species such as shrimp, sardines, and bonga shad. These animal species support artisanal and industrial fisheries. The area Threats to the area include the gradual closin ...
H: Chapter 5: Oceanography
... it will use energy to capture prey and to escape predators. It will make new cells and eventually reproduce. Like other marine organisms, it is adapted to accomplish these processes in the salty water of the ocean. One of the most important processes in the ocean, as it is on land, is that organisms ...
... it will use energy to capture prey and to escape predators. It will make new cells and eventually reproduce. Like other marine organisms, it is adapted to accomplish these processes in the salty water of the ocean. One of the most important processes in the ocean, as it is on land, is that organisms ...
SAC-07 INF C(g) 2 Acoustic discrimination at FADs
... During our research, relationships of TS to tuna length were estimated empirically measuring in situ target strength of tunas and deriving fish length from purse seine catches. However, in order to achieve a complete understanding of sound scattering by aquatic organisms it is necessary to combine, ...
... During our research, relationships of TS to tuna length were estimated empirically measuring in situ target strength of tunas and deriving fish length from purse seine catches. However, in order to achieve a complete understanding of sound scattering by aquatic organisms it is necessary to combine, ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).