College of Medicine Microbiology
... patient can be infected with one serotype , recover , and have antibodies that protect from infection by that serotype in future , however , that person can be infected by other serotypes of virus. Most viruses have one serotype , but certain have several serotypes such as rhinovirus which has more ...
... patient can be infected with one serotype , recover , and have antibodies that protect from infection by that serotype in future , however , that person can be infected by other serotypes of virus. Most viruses have one serotype , but certain have several serotypes such as rhinovirus which has more ...
Mandatory Inservice Infection Control
... The goal of infection control is to prevent the transmission of disease by utilizing procedures that break the Chain of Infection ...
... The goal of infection control is to prevent the transmission of disease by utilizing procedures that break the Chain of Infection ...
CURRENT UPDATE on the EBOLA VIRUS OUTBREAK
... Once in the human population, it is transmitted to people caring for ill people via direct contact with the body fluids, tissues and blood of the sick person. Incorrect handling of deceased people is also a source of further transmission of this virus. The Ebola virus has been found in the semen of ...
... Once in the human population, it is transmitted to people caring for ill people via direct contact with the body fluids, tissues and blood of the sick person. Incorrect handling of deceased people is also a source of further transmission of this virus. The Ebola virus has been found in the semen of ...
One fungal infection that would prevent the treatment One bacterial
... One bacterial infection that would prevent the treatment Impetigo. An infectious inflammatory bacterial disease. The skin appears red and becomes irritable, this then forms into thin blisters which eventually pop and form crusts. Impetigo affects the nose and the mouth. They should be referred t ...
... One bacterial infection that would prevent the treatment Impetigo. An infectious inflammatory bacterial disease. The skin appears red and becomes irritable, this then forms into thin blisters which eventually pop and form crusts. Impetigo affects the nose and the mouth. They should be referred t ...
Chapter 2: Infection
... Infection with these blood borne viruses (BBVs) can occur if blood from an infected person gets into the bloodstream of an uninfected person. This usually requires a breach in the skin or mucous membranes (the mucous membranes are the delicate linings of the body orifices; the nose, mouth, rectum an ...
... Infection with these blood borne viruses (BBVs) can occur if blood from an infected person gets into the bloodstream of an uninfected person. This usually requires a breach in the skin or mucous membranes (the mucous membranes are the delicate linings of the body orifices; the nose, mouth, rectum an ...
Generalized Vesicular or Pustular Rash Illness Protocol
... Patient appears toxic or moribund Slow evolution:lesions evolve from macules to papulesÆpustules over days ...
... Patient appears toxic or moribund Slow evolution:lesions evolve from macules to papulesÆpustules over days ...
Generalized Vesicular or Pustular Rash Illness Protocol Patient with Acute, Generalized
... Patient appears toxic or moribund Slow evolution:lesions evolve from macules to papulesÆpustules over days ...
... Patient appears toxic or moribund Slow evolution:lesions evolve from macules to papulesÆpustules over days ...
Adenovirus Esophagitis in an HIV-Positive Patient
... are present.1Y5,10 At least 10 biopsies of lesions or nonlesional mucosa are recommended to enhance the diagnostic susceptibility and for reliable exclusion of a viral cause.19 Besides diagnostic tests for microbes, histology with immunohistochemical staining is a reliable method to differentiate be ...
... are present.1Y5,10 At least 10 biopsies of lesions or nonlesional mucosa are recommended to enhance the diagnostic susceptibility and for reliable exclusion of a viral cause.19 Besides diagnostic tests for microbes, histology with immunohistochemical staining is a reliable method to differentiate be ...
Pathology of Infectious Diseases I
... 1. Inhibition of fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes (Ex: tuberculosis) 2. Resistance to lysosomal enzymes (ex: salmonella) 3. They escape phagosomes and adapt to living/replicating in the cell cytoplasm (ex: listeria) Slide 12: Obligate intracellular pathogens include all viruses, Chlamydi ...
... 1. Inhibition of fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes (Ex: tuberculosis) 2. Resistance to lysosomal enzymes (ex: salmonella) 3. They escape phagosomes and adapt to living/replicating in the cell cytoplasm (ex: listeria) Slide 12: Obligate intracellular pathogens include all viruses, Chlamydi ...
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
... individuals’ serum—but this test has to wait at least a week postexposure in order to perform (false-negative). • IgG concentration is stable and remains high for a long period of time—up to five years but IgM level decreases after approximately four months—but during which, there is sufficient amou ...
... individuals’ serum—but this test has to wait at least a week postexposure in order to perform (false-negative). • IgG concentration is stable and remains high for a long period of time—up to five years but IgM level decreases after approximately four months—but during which, there is sufficient amou ...
Virus Production Services
... propagate, concentrate, and characterize viruses at scales ranging from milliters to liters. Crude and concentrated virus can be further processed including preparation of viral proteins, virus inactivation, and isolation of viral genomic nucleic acids. Whatever your needs, our scientists will custo ...
... propagate, concentrate, and characterize viruses at scales ranging from milliters to liters. Crude and concentrated virus can be further processed including preparation of viral proteins, virus inactivation, and isolation of viral genomic nucleic acids. Whatever your needs, our scientists will custo ...
13 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS CHAPTER
... Single dose or 7-day regimen; if regimen fails and patient remains symptomatic, re-treat with metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg p.o. b.i.d. for 7 more days or tinidzaole (Tindamax) 2 g in a single dose. If there is frequent treatment failure, treat with metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g p.o. daily for 3–5 days ...
... Single dose or 7-day regimen; if regimen fails and patient remains symptomatic, re-treat with metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg p.o. b.i.d. for 7 more days or tinidzaole (Tindamax) 2 g in a single dose. If there is frequent treatment failure, treat with metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g p.o. daily for 3–5 days ...
NJNU Ebola Factsheet 1
... Airborne or aerosol transmission occurs when small particles containing virus are suspended in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and then inhaled by a person into their respiratory system and lungs. Although this route of exposure has not been proven for EVD, the potential for inhal ...
... Airborne or aerosol transmission occurs when small particles containing virus are suspended in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and then inhaled by a person into their respiratory system and lungs. Although this route of exposure has not been proven for EVD, the potential for inhal ...
Hepatitis A Virus
... • Past Infection i.e. immunity is determined by the detection of HAV-IgG by EIA. • Cell culture – difficult and take up to 4 weeks, not ...
... • Past Infection i.e. immunity is determined by the detection of HAV-IgG by EIA. • Cell culture – difficult and take up to 4 weeks, not ...
viruses2
... animals.Each viral species has a very limited host range that is, it can reproduce in only a small group of closely relate species. ...
... animals.Each viral species has a very limited host range that is, it can reproduce in only a small group of closely relate species. ...
• IgM anti-HBc: When this is positive or reactive, it indicates recent
... chronically infected Americans, of whom 20% to 30% acquired their infection in childhood. About 95% of adults recover spontaneously; however, 90% of young children who get infected with HBV never clear the virus remaining chronically infected with an increased risk of scarring of the liver (cirrhosi ...
... chronically infected Americans, of whom 20% to 30% acquired their infection in childhood. About 95% of adults recover spontaneously; however, 90% of young children who get infected with HBV never clear the virus remaining chronically infected with an increased risk of scarring of the liver (cirrhosi ...
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vulvovaginitis in childhood
... that cultures from the rectum and the oropharynx should also be obtained. The use of current nucleic acid amplification tests for this diagnosis gives less specific results. If we exclude a maternal infection at the time of delivery, the possibility of transmission of the bacterium through contact wit ...
... that cultures from the rectum and the oropharynx should also be obtained. The use of current nucleic acid amplification tests for this diagnosis gives less specific results. If we exclude a maternal infection at the time of delivery, the possibility of transmission of the bacterium through contact wit ...
Parainfluenza virus case study 2 pp - Cal State LA
... affect the mobility of the vocal cords. – The subglottic region of the child’s upper airway is narrow. So, a small amount of edema will significantly restrict airflow. ...
... affect the mobility of the vocal cords. – The subglottic region of the child’s upper airway is narrow. So, a small amount of edema will significantly restrict airflow. ...
West Nile virus vaccines and immunotherapy
... helped researchers to know the outbreak had accessible by international transportation or trade. Since 1999, the people who were infected and died by this virus increased dramatically each year in united state and this is model below shows the cases of condition and deaths between 1999 to 2006. ...
... helped researchers to know the outbreak had accessible by international transportation or trade. Since 1999, the people who were infected and died by this virus increased dramatically each year in united state and this is model below shows the cases of condition and deaths between 1999 to 2006. ...
RNA Viruses
... (incubation period) is 8 to 10 days, but it can vary between 2 and 21 days In the bleeding phase, which typically begins five to seven days after first symptoms,internal and subcutaneous bleeding may present itself in the form of reddened eyes and bloody vomit and/or stools. People remain infectious ...
... (incubation period) is 8 to 10 days, but it can vary between 2 and 21 days In the bleeding phase, which typically begins five to seven days after first symptoms,internal and subcutaneous bleeding may present itself in the form of reddened eyes and bloody vomit and/or stools. People remain infectious ...
Hepatitis A virus
... Transmission of hepatitis C virus is similar to hepatitis B virus, can transmit via any activity where blood may be involved However ; the modes of sexual transmission and passing the virus from an infected mother to her baby via breast milk are much less common. Notice Chronic infections occur in ...
... Transmission of hepatitis C virus is similar to hepatitis B virus, can transmit via any activity where blood may be involved However ; the modes of sexual transmission and passing the virus from an infected mother to her baby via breast milk are much less common. Notice Chronic infections occur in ...
Ch.13 Part II
... Persistence of Microbes and Pathologic Conditions • Apparent recovery of host does not always mean the microbe has been removed • Latency – after the initial symptoms in certain chronic diseases, the microbe can periodically become active and produce a recurrent disease; person may or may not shed ...
... Persistence of Microbes and Pathologic Conditions • Apparent recovery of host does not always mean the microbe has been removed • Latency – after the initial symptoms in certain chronic diseases, the microbe can periodically become active and produce a recurrent disease; person may or may not shed ...
STI`s
... – Symptoms: loss of appetitie; nausea; yellowing of the skin; joint pain – Treatment: prevented by vaccination; no treatment otherwise – What Could Happen: liver damage; liver cancer; ;infection of the developing fetus in pregnant women ...
... – Symptoms: loss of appetitie; nausea; yellowing of the skin; joint pain – Treatment: prevented by vaccination; no treatment otherwise – What Could Happen: liver damage; liver cancer; ;infection of the developing fetus in pregnant women ...
Ebola Fever - Labor Spiez
... In past epidemics, most people had contracted the infection in a hospital setting (nosocomial infections), where they were directly exposed to infected patients. It is unlikely that someone carrying the virus but has yet to show any symptoms can transmit the infection. People who have recovered fro ...
... In past epidemics, most people had contracted the infection in a hospital setting (nosocomial infections), where they were directly exposed to infected patients. It is unlikely that someone carrying the virus but has yet to show any symptoms can transmit the infection. People who have recovered fro ...
Amphibian decline and mass mortality: The value of
... mining where the virus is replicating in clinically normal ranavirus-positive animals. Subclinical infection with either no gross or histological changes or only minimal non-specific histological changes have been reported in ranavirus surveillance studies (Gray et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2009). Th ...
... mining where the virus is replicating in clinically normal ranavirus-positive animals. Subclinical infection with either no gross or histological changes or only minimal non-specific histological changes have been reported in ranavirus surveillance studies (Gray et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2009). Th ...
Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex (Greek: ἕρπης herpēs, ""creeping"" or ""latent"") is a viral disease caused by the herpes simplex virus. Infections are categorized based on the part of the body infected. Oral herpes involves the face or mouth. It may result in small blisters in groups often called cold sores or fever blisters or may just cause a sore throat. Genital herpes, often simply known as herpes, may have minimal symptoms or form blisters that break open and result in small ulcers. These typically heal over two to four weeks. Tingling or shooting pains may occur before the blisters appear. Herpes cycles between periods of active disease followed by periods without symptoms. The first episode is often more severe and may be associated with fever, muscle pains, swollen lymph nodes and headaches. Over time, episodes of active disease decrease in frequency and severity. Other disorders caused by herpes simplex include: herpetic whitlow when it involves the fingers, herpes of the eye, herpes infection of the brain, and neonatal herpes when it affects a newborn, among others.There are two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 more commonly causes oral infections while HSV-2 more commonly causes genital infections. They are transmitted by direct contact with body fluids or lesions of an infected individual. Transmission may still occur when symptoms are not present. Genital herpes is classified as a sexually transmitted infection. It may be spread to an infant during childbirth. After infection, the viruses are transported along sensory nerves to the nerve cell bodies, where they reside lifelong. Causes of recurrence may include: decreased immune function, stress, and sunlight exposure. Oral and genital herpes is usually diagnosed based on the presenting symptoms. The diagnosis may be confirmed by viral culture or detecting herpes DNA in fluid from blisters. Testing the blood for antibodies against the virus can confirm a previous infection but will be negative in new infections.The most effective method of avoiding genital infections is by avoiding vaginal, oral and anal sex. Condom use decreases the risk somewhat. Daily antiviral medication taken by someone who has the infection can also reduce spread. There is no available vaccine and once infected, there is no cure. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and topical lidocaine may be used to help with the symptoms. Treatments with antiviral medication such as aciclovir or valaciclovir can lessen the severity of symptomatic episodes.Worldwide rates of either HSV-1 or HSV-2 are between 60% and 95% in adults. HSV-1 is usually acquired during childhood. Rates of both increase as people age. Rates of HSV-1 are between 70% and 80% in populations of low socioeconomic status and 40% to 60% in populations of improved socioeconomic status. An estimated 536 million people worldwide (16% of the population) were infected with HSV-2 as of 2003 with greater rates among women and those in the developing world. Most people with HSV-2 do not realize that they are infected.