A Critique of Pure String Theory: Heterodox Opinions of Diverse
... , this limiting theory must be SUSic and have no moduli. The combination of these two properties and the general structure of SUSic theories imply that it must be four dimensional, with only N = 1 SUSY, and have an exact complex R symmetry2 . This puts strong constraints on the low energy effective ...
... , this limiting theory must be SUSic and have no moduli. The combination of these two properties and the general structure of SUSic theories imply that it must be four dimensional, with only N = 1 SUSY, and have an exact complex R symmetry2 . This puts strong constraints on the low energy effective ...
The Higgs Boson - University of Toronto Physics
... proposed Higgs force is, however, weaker and has a much shorter range than the "fifth force." The Higgs force is not a universal force, because it couples differently to different particles. Specifically, if a particle is observed to have mass, the strength of the coupling to the Higgs field is ass ...
... proposed Higgs force is, however, weaker and has a much shorter range than the "fifth force." The Higgs force is not a universal force, because it couples differently to different particles. Specifically, if a particle is observed to have mass, the strength of the coupling to the Higgs field is ass ...
Tensorial spacetime geometries and background
... Lorentzian geometry in [51] where the test matter field theory he was considering was Maxwell electrodynamics. In this thesis, we will start only from the fundamental physical requirement that the corresponding field theory be predictive and that there be a well-defined notion of observers and posit ...
... Lorentzian geometry in [51] where the test matter field theory he was considering was Maxwell electrodynamics. In this thesis, we will start only from the fundamental physical requirement that the corresponding field theory be predictive and that there be a well-defined notion of observers and posit ...
Collective Coherent Oscillation Plasma Modes in Surrounding
... which can give us a quantitative method to describe the energy transfer mechanisms. In the case of a rapidly rotating magnetized black hole, the electric field generated near the event horizon can produce enormous voltage differences between the poles of the spinning body and its equatorial region. ...
... which can give us a quantitative method to describe the energy transfer mechanisms. In the case of a rapidly rotating magnetized black hole, the electric field generated near the event horizon can produce enormous voltage differences between the poles of the spinning body and its equatorial region. ...
Electrical Energy and Capacitance
... Discussion: According to the work-energy theorem, the work required to move a charge in an electric field is equal to the change in its electrostatic potential energy between the initial and final points. The potential energy of a charge “at infinity” is zero, so we only need to consider the potenti ...
... Discussion: According to the work-energy theorem, the work required to move a charge in an electric field is equal to the change in its electrostatic potential energy between the initial and final points. The potential energy of a charge “at infinity” is zero, so we only need to consider the potenti ...
B.Sc. PHYSICS Honours Syllabus Under CHOICE BASED CREDIT
... 7. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method. 8. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell’s needle. 9. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle’s method. 10. To determine the value of g using Bar Pendulum. ...
... 7. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method. 8. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell’s needle. 9. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle’s method. 10. To determine the value of g using Bar Pendulum. ...
Solution to the World Energy Crisis
... (4) The archaic, seriously flawed 1880s/1890s electrical engineering model {17} is thus a—and perhaps the—major cause of the escalating world energy problem, although this fact is completely ignored. (5) Every observable joule of observable EM energy in the universe—including in every EM system and ...
... (4) The archaic, seriously flawed 1880s/1890s electrical engineering model {17} is thus a—and perhaps the—major cause of the escalating world energy problem, although this fact is completely ignored. (5) Every observable joule of observable EM energy in the universe—including in every EM system and ...
J. Chem. Phys. 130, 084706 (2009).
... and the vector spherical wave expansion method used in Ref. 9, a more realistic hyperbolic tip shape and the boundary element method8 共BEM兲 are used to calculate the local electric field enhancement at the STM cavity in the nonretarded limit. The optical properties of light emission are calculated u ...
... and the vector spherical wave expansion method used in Ref. 9, a more realistic hyperbolic tip shape and the boundary element method8 共BEM兲 are used to calculate the local electric field enhancement at the STM cavity in the nonretarded limit. The optical properties of light emission are calculated u ...
Functional Form of the Imaginary Part of the Atomic Polarizability
... The formulas (4) and (5) raise the question what could be deemed to be the most consistent physical picture behind the imaginary part of the polarizability. The imaginary part of the polarizability involves a spontaneous photon emission process, and this spontaneous emission can only be understood i ...
... The formulas (4) and (5) raise the question what could be deemed to be the most consistent physical picture behind the imaginary part of the polarizability. The imaginary part of the polarizability involves a spontaneous photon emission process, and this spontaneous emission can only be understood i ...
Domain-wall coercivity in ferromagnetic systems with nonuniform
... field H p (x DW) was described by a modified OrnsteinUhlenbeck process. They predicted the DW coercive field H CW}1/G, with suitable cutoffs at low and high values of the field gradient G. In the present work, this approach is developed in full detail, and the H CW(G) dependence is determined by ana ...
... field H p (x DW) was described by a modified OrnsteinUhlenbeck process. They predicted the DW coercive field H CW}1/G, with suitable cutoffs at low and high values of the field gradient G. In the present work, this approach is developed in full detail, and the H CW(G) dependence is determined by ana ...
Electric Fields
... and hence potential, is arbitrary. Usually what matters is a change in potential, so we just pick a convenient place to call potential energy zero. The dotted lines on the left represent equipotential surfaces--planes in which masses all have the same potential, regardless of the mass. On the 30 J/k ...
... and hence potential, is arbitrary. Usually what matters is a change in potential, so we just pick a convenient place to call potential energy zero. The dotted lines on the left represent equipotential surfaces--planes in which masses all have the same potential, regardless of the mass. On the 30 J/k ...
Casimir effect
In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect and the Casimir–Polder force are physical forces arising from a quantized field. They are named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir.The typical example is of two uncharged metallic plates in a vacuum, placed a few nanometers apart. In a classical description, the lack of an external field means that there is no field between the plates, and no force would be measured between them. When this field is instead studied using the QED vacuum of quantum electrodynamics, it is seen that the plates do affect the virtual photons which constitute the field, and generate a net force—either an attraction or a repulsion depending on the specific arrangement of the two plates. Although the Casimir effect can be expressed in terms of virtual particles interacting with the objects, it is best described and more easily calculated in terms of the zero-point energy of a quantized field in the intervening space between the objects. This force has been measured and is a striking example of an effect captured formally by second quantization. However, the treatment of boundary conditions in these calculations has led to some controversy.In fact, ""Casimir's original goal was to compute the van der Waals force between polarizable molecules"" of the metallic plates. Thus it can be interpreted without any reference to the zero-point energy (vacuum energy) of quantum fields.Dutch physicists Hendrik B. G. Casimir and Dirk Polder at Philips Research Labs proposed the existence of a force between two polarizable atoms and between such an atom and a conducting plate in 1947, and, after a conversation with Niels Bohr who suggested it had something to do with zero-point energy, Casimir alone formulated the theory predicting a force between neutral conducting plates in 1948; the former is called the Casimir–Polder force while the latter is the Casimir effect in the narrow sense. Predictions of the force were later extended to finite-conductivity metals and dielectrics by Lifshitz and his students, and recent calculations have considered more general geometries. It was not until 1997, however, that a direct experiment, by S. Lamoreaux, described above, quantitatively measured the force (to within 15% of the value predicted by the theory), although previous work [e.g. van Blockland and Overbeek (1978)] had observed the force qualitatively, and indirect validation of the predicted Casimir energy had been made by measuring the thickness of liquid helium films by Sabisky and Anderson in 1972. Subsequent experiments approach an accuracy of a few percent.Because the strength of the force falls off rapidly with distance, it is measurable only when the distance between the objects is extremely small. On a submicron scale, this force becomes so strong that it becomes the dominant force between uncharged conductors. In fact, at separations of 10 nm—about 100 times the typical size of an atom—the Casimir effect produces the equivalent of about 1 atmosphere of pressure (the precise value depending on surface geometry and other factors).In modern theoretical physics, the Casimir effect plays an important role in the chiral bag model of the nucleon; in applied physics, it is significant in some aspects of emerging microtechnologies and nanotechnologies.Any medium supporting oscillations has an analogue of the Casimir effect. For example, beads on a string as well as plates submerged in noisy water or gas illustrate the Casimir force.