Thermal Conductivity
... • Wiedemann & Franz (1853) empirically saw ke/σ = const(T) • Lorenz (1872) noted ke/σ proportional to T © 2008 Eric Pop, UIUC ...
... • Wiedemann & Franz (1853) empirically saw ke/σ = const(T) • Lorenz (1872) noted ke/σ proportional to T © 2008 Eric Pop, UIUC ...
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms W. Ketterle, D. E. Pritchard
... The observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic gases in 1995 was the realization of many long-standing goals: (1) to cool neutral atoms into the ground state of the system, thus exerting ultimate control over the motion and position of atoms limited only by Heisenberg’s uncerta ...
... The observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic gases in 1995 was the realization of many long-standing goals: (1) to cool neutral atoms into the ground state of the system, thus exerting ultimate control over the motion and position of atoms limited only by Heisenberg’s uncerta ...
HCSS-June09-partA - Indico
... Provide a stable trajectory for particles with nominal momentum. Correct the trajectories for off momentum particles (‚chromatic‘ errors). ...
... Provide a stable trajectory for particles with nominal momentum. Correct the trajectories for off momentum particles (‚chromatic‘ errors). ...
Spin filtering and entanglement detection due to spin-orbit interaction
... polarization upon small changes of the gate potential such that further subbands become active for the transport. At fixed gate potential, however, a perfect reversal of the polarization in the lowest subband can be achieved by letting B → −B. In the second part of this paper, we investigate the tra ...
... polarization upon small changes of the gate potential such that further subbands become active for the transport. At fixed gate potential, however, a perfect reversal of the polarization in the lowest subband can be achieved by letting B → −B. In the second part of this paper, we investigate the tra ...
Fundamental limit for optical components
... how much a pulse can be delayed, or through what angle a beam can be deflected, but rather how many distinct positions in time or space are possible, which may be a more fundamental point. The limit we derive is very broadly defined. In its most general form, it applies to a very wide class of linea ...
... how much a pulse can be delayed, or through what angle a beam can be deflected, but rather how many distinct positions in time or space are possible, which may be a more fundamental point. The limit we derive is very broadly defined. In its most general form, it applies to a very wide class of linea ...
S. Madhavi, V. Venkataraman, J.C. Sturm, and Y.H. Xie, "Low-and high-field transport properties of modulation-doped Si/SiGe and Ge/SiGe heterostructures: effect of phonon confinement in germanium quantum wells," Phys. Rev. B 61, pp. 16807-16818 (2000).
... The mobility remains close to its 13 K value up to 30 K for 2DEG and 70 K for the 2DHG after which it decreases with temperature. At room temperature the 2DEG sample has a mobility of 1050 cm2 /V s and carrier density of 6 ⫻1012 cm⫺2 while the mobility of the 2DHG sample comes down to 500 cm2 /V s w ...
... The mobility remains close to its 13 K value up to 30 K for 2DEG and 70 K for the 2DHG after which it decreases with temperature. At room temperature the 2DEG sample has a mobility of 1050 cm2 /V s and carrier density of 6 ⫻1012 cm⫺2 while the mobility of the 2DHG sample comes down to 500 cm2 /V s w ...
MEMS Corner Cube Retroreflectors for Free-Space
... The power received by the imager can be determined from the differential scattering cross section (DSCS) dσ ( n̂ i, n̂ o ) ⁄ dΩ o ((W/sr)/(W/m2) or m2/sr). The DSCS is the scattered power per unit solid angle of the observation per unit illumination irradiance. It is a function of the incident direc ...
... The power received by the imager can be determined from the differential scattering cross section (DSCS) dσ ( n̂ i, n̂ o ) ⁄ dΩ o ((W/sr)/(W/m2) or m2/sr). The DSCS is the scattered power per unit solid angle of the observation per unit illumination irradiance. It is a function of the incident direc ...
Early Atomic Models – From Mechanical to Quantum
... the relatively short time between the discovery of the electron in 1897, and the birth of the quantum atom in 1913. Beginning with almost no understanding of atoms other than ...
... the relatively short time between the discovery of the electron in 1897, and the birth of the quantum atom in 1913. Beginning with almost no understanding of atoms other than ...
Stramski, Dariusz, Marcel Babin, and Slawomir B. Wozniak
... In addition to the effects of PSD, a p (l) depends on the imaginary part of the refractive index, n9(l), of particles. The n9(l) values are related directly to the absorption coefficient of matter forming the particle, apm(l), and hence the intraparticle concentration of absorbing substances (e.g., ...
... In addition to the effects of PSD, a p (l) depends on the imaginary part of the refractive index, n9(l), of particles. The n9(l) values are related directly to the absorption coefficient of matter forming the particle, apm(l), and hence the intraparticle concentration of absorbing substances (e.g., ...
Monte Carlo Probabilistic Inference for Diffusion Processes: A
... a probability density function as a function of (ψ, v) with respect to the product measure Leb(dv) × Q(dψ; , ti , ti+1 , u, v), where Leb denotes the Lebesgue measure. Consider now an alternative discrete-time Markov model with unobserved states (Vi , Ψi ), i = 1, . . . , n, transition density r and ...
... a probability density function as a function of (ψ, v) with respect to the product measure Leb(dv) × Q(dψ; , ti , ti+1 , u, v), where Leb denotes the Lebesgue measure. Consider now an alternative discrete-time Markov model with unobserved states (Vi , Ψi ), i = 1, . . . , n, transition density r and ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only
... There exist a number of books and earlier reviews of these topics. Prof. Kessler’s excellent book Polarized Electrons (1985) is the standard reference work in this area, but the reader is also directed to several more recent books on one or more topics covered in this review: Anderson and Bartschat ...
... There exist a number of books and earlier reviews of these topics. Prof. Kessler’s excellent book Polarized Electrons (1985) is the standard reference work in this area, but the reader is also directed to several more recent books on one or more topics covered in this review: Anderson and Bartschat ...
Negative ions in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
... electric charge. They are formed by neutral atoms or molecules capturing one or more electrons. In a typical atomic system, each electron experiences a Coulomb attraction to the positively charged nucleus and a Coulomb repulsion from the other electrons in the system. A common approximation in theor ...
... electric charge. They are formed by neutral atoms or molecules capturing one or more electrons. In a typical atomic system, each electron experiences a Coulomb attraction to the positively charged nucleus and a Coulomb repulsion from the other electrons in the system. A common approximation in theor ...
Calculation of the torque on dielectric elliptical cylinders
... nonzero torque is concentrated only around the region of the waist. If the orientation of the particle is with the major axis parallel to the optical axis ( ⫽ 0°), a change of sign appears for positions of the particle behind the waist as well as for positions on the different sides of the optical ...
... nonzero torque is concentrated only around the region of the waist. If the orientation of the particle is with the major axis parallel to the optical axis ( ⫽ 0°), a change of sign appears for positions of the particle behind the waist as well as for positions on the different sides of the optical ...
Atoms, Molecules and Clusters in Intense Laser Fields
... Peak-to-peak modulation of the high harmonic signal vs. wavenumber, comparing theory to the two experimental runs for which data is available. For the bars labeled “phase information included”, the angular average was performed allowing δ in equation 4.17 to vary as a function of angle. For the bars ...
... Peak-to-peak modulation of the high harmonic signal vs. wavenumber, comparing theory to the two experimental runs for which data is available. For the bars labeled “phase information included”, the angular average was performed allowing δ in equation 4.17 to vary as a function of angle. For the bars ...
Homonuclear ionizing collisions of laser-cooled
... accurate investigation of these inelastic collisions 关2兴, which occur at collision energies of 10−7 eV in samples with temperatures around 1 mK. Measuring loss rates from the trap, the cross section for inelastic collisions can be determined with great precision 关3兴. Experiments as well as theoretic ...
... accurate investigation of these inelastic collisions 关2兴, which occur at collision energies of 10−7 eV in samples with temperatures around 1 mK. Measuring loss rates from the trap, the cross section for inelastic collisions can be determined with great precision 关3兴. Experiments as well as theoretic ...
W. Ketterle
... are called surface modes. In a semiclassical picture these excitations can be considered the mesoscopic counterpart to tidal waves at the macroscopic level. Those excitations are of special interest since they show a crossover between collective and single-particle behavior, which is crucial for the ...
... are called surface modes. In a semiclassical picture these excitations can be considered the mesoscopic counterpart to tidal waves at the macroscopic level. Those excitations are of special interest since they show a crossover between collective and single-particle behavior, which is crucial for the ...
Adaptive Speckle Imaging Interferometry, a new technique for a
... head, as shown in Fig. 1. Typically, the backscattered signal is higher than the transmitted one, allowing one to use a detector with a relatively low sensitivity (such as a CCD or a CMOS camera) and limiting the required laser power. This last point is important for safety reasons and for preventi ...
... head, as shown in Fig. 1. Typically, the backscattered signal is higher than the transmitted one, allowing one to use a detector with a relatively low sensitivity (such as a CCD or a CMOS camera) and limiting the required laser power. This last point is important for safety reasons and for preventi ...
Influence of clearing solutions osmolarity on the optical properties of
... behavior is in good agreement with general character of behavior of the system of scattering particles at changing of refractive index of surrounding medium. Fig. 4(b) shows the scattering spectra of blood calculated taking into account the osmotic properties of the glucose solution. It is seen, tha ...
... behavior is in good agreement with general character of behavior of the system of scattering particles at changing of refractive index of surrounding medium. Fig. 4(b) shows the scattering spectra of blood calculated taking into account the osmotic properties of the glucose solution. It is seen, tha ...
Demonstration of a large-scale optical exceptional point structure Liang Feng, Xuefeng Zhu,
... bottom surface of the structure, resulting in high reflection. Although single unit cell is unidirectional reflectionless by itself, the structure in the design comprises 4 periodic unit cells to further enhance the backward reflection, while still keeping the forward reflection zero. Compared to th ...
... bottom surface of the structure, resulting in high reflection. Although single unit cell is unidirectional reflectionless by itself, the structure in the design comprises 4 periodic unit cells to further enhance the backward reflection, while still keeping the forward reflection zero. Compared to th ...
Hadron Collider Summer School
... Provide a stable trajectory for particles with nominal momentum. Correct the trajectories for off momentum particles (‚chromatic‘ errors). ...
... Provide a stable trajectory for particles with nominal momentum. Correct the trajectories for off momentum particles (‚chromatic‘ errors). ...
Optical simulation of phosphor layer of white LEDs
... in Fig. 9. The CCT at specified emergent angles is shown in Fig. 10. Figures 11 and 12 show the light spectrum over different emergent angles. It can be observed that as the thickness of the center layer increases, the CCT of all the emergent angles decreases. The CCT at the center of the chips decr ...
... in Fig. 9. The CCT at specified emergent angles is shown in Fig. 10. Figures 11 and 12 show the light spectrum over different emergent angles. It can be observed that as the thickness of the center layer increases, the CCT of all the emergent angles decreases. The CCT at the center of the chips decr ...
NorwayWN.5
... potential. However, for a wide class of local and nonlocal potentials, called dilationanalytic potentials, the so-called ABC is valid: •The bound states of h and h are the same; •The positive-energy spectrum of the original Hamiltonian h is rotated down by an angle of 2 into the complex-energy pla ...
... potential. However, for a wide class of local and nonlocal potentials, called dilationanalytic potentials, the so-called ABC is valid: •The bound states of h and h are the same; •The positive-energy spectrum of the original Hamiltonian h is rotated down by an angle of 2 into the complex-energy pla ...
Cross section (physics)
The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made of discrete particles. The cross section of a particle is the same as the cross section of a hard object, if the probabilities of hitting them with a ray are the same. It is typically denoted σ and measured in units of area.In scattering experiments, one is often interested in knowing how likely a given event occurs. However, the rate depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, or the area of overlap between the beam and the target material. To control for these mundane differences, one can factor out these variables, resulting in an area-like quantity known as the cross section.