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... composed of cells and cells carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life ...
Macromolecules
Macromolecules

... • Plants store starch within plastids, including chloroplasts. • Plants can store surplus glucose in starch and withdraw it when needed for energy or carbon. • Animals that feed on plants, especially parts rich in starch, can also access this starch to support their own metabolism. ...
Cells EQ
Cells EQ

... If the eyepiece lens of a microscope is marked X10 and the objective lens is marked X4, What is the total magnification? ...
Gene Section LOXL4 (lysyl oxidase-like 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section LOXL4 (lysyl oxidase-like 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... estrogen-regulated gene-7) Location: 10q24.2 ...
name period
name period

...  Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things  All cells come from preexisting cells ...
file (4.1 MB, ppt)
file (4.1 MB, ppt)

... Generation and transmission of nerve impulses Some amino acids act as neurotransmitters, which transmit electrical signals from one nerve cell to another. In addition, receptors for neurotransmitters, drugs, etc. are protein in nature. An example of this is the acetylcholine receptor, which is a pr ...
Chapter 5 Key Concepts • To understand living organisms, one must
Chapter 5 Key Concepts • To understand living organisms, one must

... Key Concepts ...
Sodium-Potassium pumps
Sodium-Potassium pumps

... The Na+/K+-ATPase helps maintain resting potential, assists transport and regulates cellular volume.  In order to maintain the cell’s resting potential, cells must keep a low concentration of ↓ sodium ions & high levels of ↑ potassium ions within the cell. ...
Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion and Osmosis

... BURST! ...
4-S2 - L1 (1)
4-S2 - L1 (1)

... • excitatory amino acids – mainly glutamate – major excitatory neurotransmitter • over 70% of all CNS synapses are glutamatergic • present throughout the CNS ...
Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Organelles
Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Organelles

... Proteins are a very important type of molecule that are used in all life functions. Basic life functions include reproduction, repair, and growth of injured cells or body parts. Life functions also include the regulation of circulation and digestion systems. You need proteins to digest the foods you ...
2401_Ch3_Handouts.pdf
2401_Ch3_Handouts.pdf

... Peripheral proteins attach to inside OR outside of membrane Channel proteins integral proteins that form a channel through the membrane. These are SELECTIVE – only some molecules can pass through them Factors governing whether a specific ion/molecule might fit in the channel include: !Shape !Size !C ...
Three Types of Junctions - Wesleyan College Faculty
Three Types of Junctions - Wesleyan College Faculty

... cytoplasmic proteins = ZO 1-3 (1 is tumor supressor, 2 is part of EGF signaling, 3 is linker) Breach ZO – leaky epithelia Most apical attachment, restricting movements of PM proteins and maintaining integrity of apical vs. basal/lateral surfaces Tightness of anastomosing network differs b/w tissues ...
Mitosis
Mitosis

... ...
cell structure and function 2010
cell structure and function 2010

... • Consists of all the contents between the nucleus and the cell membrane. • Made up of the cytosol and organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes. • The fluid part of the cytoplasm is the Cytosol. It is clear in color and has a gel-like appearance. It is composed mainly of water and also contains ...
Cell Transport
Cell Transport

... How do cells get what they need and get rid of what they need to get rid of? Objective: - We will be able to describe the different processes that allow movement across the cell membrane, including: diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. ...
Keystone Study Points Answer Key
Keystone Study Points Answer Key

... 1. Describe  the  levels  of  ecological  organization  (1)   2. Describe  characteristic  biotic  an  abiotic  components  of  aquatic  and  terrestrial  ecosystems  (1)   3. Describe  biotic  interactions  in  an  ecosystem  (1)   4. Describe   ...
Plant Cell Structures
Plant Cell Structures

... It gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, puts them in little bags pretty much, and either stores them or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines). ...
domain_rearrangement..
domain_rearrangement..

... so that we don’t mount an immune response against ourselves). • Elimination of cancerous or infected cells • Aging • Stress response – cells that have been damaged by some stress are signaled to die by apoptosis so that they do not become necrotic and release toxic components onto surrounding cells ...
Rac1 L61 Recombinant Adenovirus (Constitutively Active)
Rac1 L61 Recombinant Adenovirus (Constitutively Active)

... permissive host cell range is very wide. The virus has been used to infect many mammalian cell types (both replicative and non-replicative) for high expression of the recombinant protein. Recombinant adenoviruses are especially useful for gene transfer and protein expression in cell lines that have ...
Osmosis Diffusion Notes
Osmosis Diffusion Notes

... 1. Channel Protein- tunnel in and out. Can be gated to open and close. Use energy to go against concentration (active transport) and do not use energy to go with concentration (passive transport) 2. Receptor Protein- receives chemical signals from the blood and communicates them to the inside of th ...
The Plant Cell
The Plant Cell

... organelles such as plastids and mitochondria; systems of membranes (endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes); nonmembranous entities such as ribosomes, actin filaments and microtubules • The rest of the cytoplasm is a liquid matrix in which the nucleus, various entities and membrane systems are suspen ...
Job - Cloudfront.net
Job - Cloudfront.net

... 5) Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not. 6) Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells? 7) Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar? 8) Which organelle creates ribosomes? 9) Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? 10)Which molecule holds t ...
1. Organelle: A structure within a cell. 2. Chromosome: A threadlike
1. Organelle: A structure within a cell. 2. Chromosome: A threadlike

... increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria. The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. • In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides. • Finally the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two ...
2-4cellstructure
2-4cellstructure

... Lysosomes • Lysosomes are small round structures containing chemicals that break down food and old cell parts. • They act like the cell’s cleanup crew. ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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