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Cells - Miss Gerges
Cells - Miss Gerges

... down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts ...
Chapter 15: Sense Organs
Chapter 15: Sense Organs

... GENERAL FUNCTION Receive Stimulus(Detect Change)  Convert Stimulus to NI (NI Begins at Receptors)  The Nervous Impulse (NI) Is Carried Along Afferent Neuron into CNS; Once in CNS the Result May be ...
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... the CNS, and sometimes a presynaptic element releases more than one • Transmitter is typically removed by neurotransmitter transporters, and is not always taken up into the ...
Organic Molecules: The Molecules of Life
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... Carbon has 4 spaces for electron in its outer shell- so it can share electrons with at most four other atoms Ex) CH4, methane Carbon atoms binds to other carbons atoms and form chains Draw chain and Hs Other elements that are found in the body include: ...
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... Diffusion – movement of small, nonpolar molecules directly across the phospholipid bilayer going down their concentration gradient Facilitated Diffusion – movement of larger or polar molecules across transport proteins going down their concentration gradient Osmosis – movement of water through aquap ...
In Situ Technologies Enable a Pan-Omic Human Cell
In Situ Technologies Enable a Pan-Omic Human Cell

... Summary: Fluorescent In Situ Sequencing (FISSeq), Oligopaints, and Expansion Microscopy (ExM) will create a rich human cell atlas including RNA, DNA, and protein, with sub-cellular resolution, at a cost-percell at or below conventional single-cell next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS is the state-o ...
Neural and Hormonal Communication
Neural and Hormonal Communication

... Hormone Synthesis: Steroid Hormones Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
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... • Proteins destined for incorporation into membranes initially insert into ER membrane, not release into lumen. • Transported along secretory pathway as membrane components rather than soluble proteins • Membrane-spanning regions of integral membrane proteins usually α helical regions with ~20-25 hy ...
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... The advantage of having ribosomes attached to ER is that as the ribosomes synthesize proteins they can be transported by the ER to become parts of cell membranes, enzymes for the cell or messengers between cells. The smooth ER has many functions such as production of membrane phospholipids, producti ...
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... larger? Why does a cell divide into two smaller cells when it reaches a certain size? These are all questions that scientists have attempted to resolve. Cell division is a necessary part of the life of any multicellular organism and allows for growth, repair, and formation of cells for reproduction. ...
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... • What happens to a vacuole in a plant cell when there is little water available over a long period of time? What happens to the plant? (Hint: does not die) ...
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P2 Receptor Antagonist Trinitrophenyl-Adenosine

... (Amadio et al., 2002), and on purified synaptosome from rat hippocampus (Rodrigues et al., 2005). Although the function of the P2X1 receptor is poorly described in the CNS (Brown et al., 2002; Aschrafi et al., 2004), more information is available for the PNS, where this receptor apparently participa ...
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... function of the host cell nucleus  Several rhoptry proteins are injected into the host cell cytoplasm during invasion  They accumulate in the host cell nucleus  Interestingly, many of them are enzymes capable of changing the phosphorylation state of proteins (kinases & phosphatases) ...
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... Predicted modular structure of CIP2A. The indicated areas represent Armadillo repeats (Arm), leucine zipper (LZ) and coiled coil region. This prediction is based on programs superfamily 1.73 (Arm repeats), Prosite freq pat (leucine zipper) and Smart (coiled coil region). The phosphorylation sites ha ...
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AntimicrobialCopper[1]

... After punching holes, how do copper ions further damage the cell? Now that the cells main defense (its outer envelope) has been breached, there is an unopposed stream of copper ions entering the cell. This puts several vital processes inside the cell in danger. Copper literally overwhelms the insid ...
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... Correct. But remember, plant cells have a central vacuole, while most animal cells have several smaller vacuole located throughout the cytoplasm. ...
Cells - KayWCHS
Cells - KayWCHS

... with host cell; endosymbiosis hypothesis • chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own circular DNA & ribosomes, make their own proteins, reproduce on their own ...
Discovery of a new cellular structure—the porosome
Discovery of a new cellular structure—the porosome

... array to form conducting pores. However, when any one of the two types of SNAREs was present in solution and exposed to the other SNARE in membrane, the interaction between the SNAREs failed to form such pores. Thus, these AFM studies on the structure and arrangement of SNAREs further demonstrate fo ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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