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P systems–based Modelling of Cellular Signalling Pathways
P systems–based Modelling of Cellular Signalling Pathways

... reasonable in some circumstances but not in many cases due to internal structure and low numbers and non–uniform distributions of certain key molecules in the cell. While differential equations models may produce useful results under certain conditions, they provide a rather incomplete view of what ...
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... 1. All organisms are made of cells 2. The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive 3. Cell structure is correlated to cellular function 4. All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells ...
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... Act at a distance away from the synapse Modulate activity of many neurons Released into extracellular fluid The same chemical substance can act either as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator • Effects last minutes to days • Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can be released simultaneously ...
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HB Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function

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Proteins and Protein Synthesis: A n Overview

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Mitosis Notes - Madeira City Schools

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... surface of the virus, and is covered with carbohydrate chains that hide it from the immune system. It is also a highly dynamic protein that snaps into a different shape when it binds to a cell surface, dragging the virus and cell close enough to each other that the membranes fuse. The structure show ...
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... Receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Forms a functional complex with TSLP and IL7R which is capable of stimulating cell proliferation through activation of STAT3 and STAT5. Also activates JAK2 (By similarity). Implicated in the development of the hematopoietic system. ...
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... • thickness/chemical composition differs from species to species and among cell types • microfibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix of proteins and other polysaccharides • mature cell wall=primary cell wall/middle lamella sticky polysaccharides hold cells together/secondary cell wall PLASMODESMAT ...
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Hormones in action

... Natural hormones are themselves agonists and, in many cases, more than one distinct hormone binds to the same receptor. For a given receptor, different agonists can have dramatically different potencies.  Antagonists are molecules that bind the receptor and block binding of the agonist, but fail to ...
Structure and Function of Cells – Glossary
Structure and Function of Cells – Glossary

... structure that allows rapid passage through it of small molecules ( eg. water) but not large molecules ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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