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Endosymbiotic Theory
Endosymbiotic Theory

... Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have: 1. single circular DNA that is different from that of the cell nucleus and that is similar to that of bacteria 2. double membranes 3. ribosomes - are like those found in bacteria 4. New mitochondria and plastids are formed only through a process similar to bi ...
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... 2. cytoplasm—the gel-like fluid inside a cell; made mostly of water; other organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm 3. nucleus—the control center of the cell; it contains DNA—genetic material of an organism 4. vacuole—storage center of the cell (wastes, food, water)  plant cells usually have one or ...
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Cell Parts - Garnet Valley

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Cell cycle



The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.
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