Infection of cells by Sindbis virus at low
... of these differences these proteins are referred to as Type I (Flu) and Type II (Alphavirus) fusion proteins. Type I fusion proteins are found in a wide variety of unrelated virus families (Eckert and Kim, 2001). Type II fusion proteins are found only in the insect vectored Alpha and Flaviviruses. T ...
... of these differences these proteins are referred to as Type I (Flu) and Type II (Alphavirus) fusion proteins. Type I fusion proteins are found in a wide variety of unrelated virus families (Eckert and Kim, 2001). Type II fusion proteins are found only in the insect vectored Alpha and Flaviviruses. T ...
Journal of Applied Biomedicine REVIEW Cell wall
... cytoplasmic proteins cross-reacting with integrin antibodies were detected on immunoblots (Holubářová 2002). However, the same antibodies failed to bind to any surface structures in yeast cells, as seen in the fluorescence microscope. The genome databases Blast, Fasta and Proteome did not revealed a ...
... cytoplasmic proteins cross-reacting with integrin antibodies were detected on immunoblots (Holubářová 2002). However, the same antibodies failed to bind to any surface structures in yeast cells, as seen in the fluorescence microscope. The genome databases Blast, Fasta and Proteome did not revealed a ...
UNDERSTANDING THE INTRACELLULAR NICHE IN CNIDARIAN
... area of research and a SCOPUS search for publications on just one of the apicomplexans (Plasmodium) returns over 38 780 hits, whereas a search for “Symbiodinium OR zooxanthella” returns 1337. Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are sister taxa all belonging to the Alveolata (Cavalier-Smith ...
... area of research and a SCOPUS search for publications on just one of the apicomplexans (Plasmodium) returns over 38 780 hits, whereas a search for “Symbiodinium OR zooxanthella” returns 1337. Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are sister taxa all belonging to the Alveolata (Cavalier-Smith ...
Mutations in the VPS45 gene, a SEC1 homologue, result in vacuolar
... Recombinant DNA manipulations employed in the construction of plasmids were performed as described previously (Maniatis et al., 1989), with the exception of DNA fragment isolations carried out by the glass bead method of Vogelstein and Gillespie (1979). The CENbased plasmid pVPS45-10 was generated b ...
... Recombinant DNA manipulations employed in the construction of plasmids were performed as described previously (Maniatis et al., 1989), with the exception of DNA fragment isolations carried out by the glass bead method of Vogelstein and Gillespie (1979). The CENbased plasmid pVPS45-10 was generated b ...
The neural tube origin of ventral root sheath cells in
... extirpation in vivo; furthermore, a convincing analysis of the results depended upon adequate recognition of the cells, for example in distinguishing them from sclerotome cells, which was not always possible with the routine histological stains used. Another approach was to detect and label neural c ...
... extirpation in vivo; furthermore, a convincing analysis of the results depended upon adequate recognition of the cells, for example in distinguishing them from sclerotome cells, which was not always possible with the routine histological stains used. Another approach was to detect and label neural c ...
INTRODUCTION TO : The Embryology of the Skeletal System
... defects have been documented. For example, many children with limb malformations were born between 1957 and 1962. Many mothers of these infants had taken thalidomide, a drug widely used as a sleeping pill and antinauseant. It was subsequently established that thalidomide causes a characteristic synd ...
... defects have been documented. For example, many children with limb malformations were born between 1957 and 1962. Many mothers of these infants had taken thalidomide, a drug widely used as a sleeping pill and antinauseant. It was subsequently established that thalidomide causes a characteristic synd ...
Somatic Cell Genealogies and Differentiation
... inability to measure how often stem cells divide. Although it is impossible to observe every division directly, one method for counting divisions is to count replication errors; the greater the number of divisions, the greater the numbers of errors. Stem cells with more divisions should produce prog ...
... inability to measure how often stem cells divide. Although it is impossible to observe every division directly, one method for counting divisions is to count replication errors; the greater the number of divisions, the greater the numbers of errors. Stem cells with more divisions should produce prog ...
between TLRs and FcRs Polyfunctional Th Cells by Cross
... becomes an important part of the immune response by binding opsonizing Abs (10–12). FcRs are expressed on several immune cell types. For example, DCs express several FcgR subclasses that bind IgG, of which FcgRII (CD32) is the most prominent (11, 12). FcgRII is subdivided into FcgRIIA, which is an a ...
... becomes an important part of the immune response by binding opsonizing Abs (10–12). FcRs are expressed on several immune cell types. For example, DCs express several FcgR subclasses that bind IgG, of which FcgRII (CD32) is the most prominent (11, 12). FcgRII is subdivided into FcgRIIA, which is an a ...
Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation
... multifaceted disorder, encompassing susceptibility to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, autoimmunity, lymphoedema and malignancy. Although often healthy in childhood, carriers of defective GATA2 alleles develop progressive loss of mononuclear cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, B and Natural Killer l ...
... multifaceted disorder, encompassing susceptibility to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, autoimmunity, lymphoedema and malignancy. Although often healthy in childhood, carriers of defective GATA2 alleles develop progressive loss of mononuclear cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, B and Natural Killer l ...
MicroRNA-regulated gene networks during mammary cell
... Small non-coding RNAs have emerged as major gene expression regulators. There is an increasing body of evidence showing that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in stem cell biology, differentiation and oncogenesis (2). Tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNAs have been described, and dysregulation in ...
... Small non-coding RNAs have emerged as major gene expression regulators. There is an increasing body of evidence showing that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in stem cell biology, differentiation and oncogenesis (2). Tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNAs have been described, and dysregulation in ...
Diefenbach, A., and D.H. Raulet. 2002. The innate immune response to tumors and its role in the induction of T cell immunity. Immunological Reviews 188:9-21.
... even poorly immunogenic tumor cell lines can often be enhanced by employing various vaccination strategies (8, 9). In general, tumor immunity induced with cell lines is specific for the immunizing tumor cell line and is mediated by CD8π and/or CD4π T cells, in some cases with the participation of NK ...
... even poorly immunogenic tumor cell lines can often be enhanced by employing various vaccination strategies (8, 9). In general, tumor immunity induced with cell lines is specific for the immunizing tumor cell line and is mediated by CD8π and/or CD4π T cells, in some cases with the participation of NK ...
Label-Free Cell-Based Assays for GPCR Screening
... classified into whole cell assays and cell-free assays. Cellbased assays provide a highly accurate representation of cellular behavior in response to stimulation. Compared to the data obtained using cell-free assays, direct measurements of compound-modulated GPCR functions in cell systems offer far ...
... classified into whole cell assays and cell-free assays. Cellbased assays provide a highly accurate representation of cellular behavior in response to stimulation. Compared to the data obtained using cell-free assays, direct measurements of compound-modulated GPCR functions in cell systems offer far ...
Ploidy of Bacillus subtilis exfusants: the haploid nature of cells
... 75% of the genome (Petit et al., 1990; Ives & Bott, 1990). However, although in the latter case a decrease in cell growth rate was reported, no thorough physiological studies, in particular a measurement of the cell size, were performed. A system ideally suited for investigating the influence of the ...
... 75% of the genome (Petit et al., 1990; Ives & Bott, 1990). However, although in the latter case a decrease in cell growth rate was reported, no thorough physiological studies, in particular a measurement of the cell size, were performed. A system ideally suited for investigating the influence of the ...
The mechanism of leaf morphogenesis
... Expansins were first identified in cucumber seedlings (McQueen-Mason et al. 1992). Since then, expansinrelated proteins have been identified in the majority of plant groupings, as well as some non-plant organisms (Li et al. 2002). Expansin proteins are characterised by their in vitro ability to loosen ...
... Expansins were first identified in cucumber seedlings (McQueen-Mason et al. 1992). Since then, expansinrelated proteins have been identified in the majority of plant groupings, as well as some non-plant organisms (Li et al. 2002). Expansin proteins are characterised by their in vitro ability to loosen ...
File
... Actin is a 42 KD protein present in most eukaryote cells that polymerizes to form filamentous structures called stress fibers. Actin filaments form cellular structure which supports many cellular processes including cell spreading and cell migration. ...
... Actin is a 42 KD protein present in most eukaryote cells that polymerizes to form filamentous structures called stress fibers. Actin filaments form cellular structure which supports many cellular processes including cell spreading and cell migration. ...
Induction of Sequence-Specific DNA
... proteins reacted with them. In HCD-57 cells infected with Friend spleen focus-forming virus, which now grow in an Epo-independentmanner, the DNA-bindingfactors were constitutively activated even in the absence of Epo. These results suggestthat thefactors induced by Epo contain components identicalor ...
... proteins reacted with them. In HCD-57 cells infected with Friend spleen focus-forming virus, which now grow in an Epo-independentmanner, the DNA-bindingfactors were constitutively activated even in the absence of Epo. These results suggestthat thefactors induced by Epo contain components identicalor ...
3 | cell structure and function
... Cell Theory The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those used in the 1600s by Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses. Despite the limitations of his now-ancient lenses, van Leeuwenhoek observed the movements of protists (a type of single-cel ...
... Cell Theory The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those used in the 1600s by Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses. Despite the limitations of his now-ancient lenses, van Leeuwenhoek observed the movements of protists (a type of single-cel ...
Cell cycle and differentiation
... The development of multicellular organisms relies on the temporal and spatial control of cell proliferation and cell growth. The relationship between cell-cycle progression and development is complex and characterized by mutual dependencies. On the level of the individual cell, this interrelationshi ...
... The development of multicellular organisms relies on the temporal and spatial control of cell proliferation and cell growth. The relationship between cell-cycle progression and development is complex and characterized by mutual dependencies. On the level of the individual cell, this interrelationshi ...
Paramecium trichocysts isolated with their membranes are stable in
... tube, were recovered with a Pasteur pipette that had been rinsed in Buffer A, and the Percoll partially removed by dilution with Buffer A and low-speed (5000 revs min" 1 ) centrifugation in the SS34 rotor of a Sorvall centrifuge to collect the trichocysts. Such centrifuge pellets were used directly ...
... tube, were recovered with a Pasteur pipette that had been rinsed in Buffer A, and the Percoll partially removed by dilution with Buffer A and low-speed (5000 revs min" 1 ) centrifugation in the SS34 rotor of a Sorvall centrifuge to collect the trichocysts. Such centrifuge pellets were used directly ...
The role of F-cadherin in localizing cells during neural tube
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
... that subdivide the neural tube into different regions along the neuraxis (Espeseth et al., 1995). One of these boundaries, termed the sulcus limitans, divides the caudal neural tube into a dorsal half, involved in sensory function (the alar plate), and a ventral half involved in motor function (the ...
Mechanisms of cellular communication through intercellular protein
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.