Connecting signaling and cell cycle progression in growth
... complex. Grb2 is an SH3-SH2-SH3 adapter protein that mediates binding of Sos to activated receptors. The Grb2/Sos complex is constitutive, and in resting cells, is primarily cytoplasmic. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor enables the SH2 domain of Grb2 to stably associate with receptor tyrosin ...
... complex. Grb2 is an SH3-SH2-SH3 adapter protein that mediates binding of Sos to activated receptors. The Grb2/Sos complex is constitutive, and in resting cells, is primarily cytoplasmic. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor enables the SH2 domain of Grb2 to stably associate with receptor tyrosin ...
Gram Negative Bacteria
... digestive system of the host (important for Enterobacteriaceae organisms). The outer membrane has an asymmetric bilayer structure that differs from any other biologic membrane in the structure of the outer leaflet of the membrane. The inner leaflet contains phospholipids normally found in bacterial ...
... digestive system of the host (important for Enterobacteriaceae organisms). The outer membrane has an asymmetric bilayer structure that differs from any other biologic membrane in the structure of the outer leaflet of the membrane. The inner leaflet contains phospholipids normally found in bacterial ...
Mutations in the tat Gene Are Responsible for Human
... However, this rapid decrease is followed by a lower rate of decrease, which has been ascribed to the persistence of chronically or latently infected cells (4, 21). The lower rate of decrease is thought to reflect the turnover of these chronically or latently infected cells and is a critical target i ...
... However, this rapid decrease is followed by a lower rate of decrease, which has been ascribed to the persistence of chronically or latently infected cells (4, 21). The lower rate of decrease is thought to reflect the turnover of these chronically or latently infected cells and is a critical target i ...
In Vitro Toxicology and Cellular Fate Determination Using
... therapeutic, require a separate license. Please contact Promega Corporation for details relating to obtaining a license for such other use. CytoTox 96 is a trademark of Promega Corporation and is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Apo-ONE and CellTiter-Glo are trademarks of Promeg ...
... therapeutic, require a separate license. Please contact Promega Corporation for details relating to obtaining a license for such other use. CytoTox 96 is a trademark of Promega Corporation and is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Apo-ONE and CellTiter-Glo are trademarks of Promeg ...
Mammalian Cdc7–Dbf4 protein kinase complex is essential for
... cells. Since the HsCdc7–HsDbf4 complex has autophosphorylation activity, it seems possible that the electrophoretic mobility shift of HsCdc7 and HsDbf4 proteins in coinfected Hi5 cells is due to phosphorylation. To determine whether HsDbf4 could also activate HsCdc7 in mammalian cells, (Myc)6–HsCdc7 ...
... cells. Since the HsCdc7–HsDbf4 complex has autophosphorylation activity, it seems possible that the electrophoretic mobility shift of HsCdc7 and HsDbf4 proteins in coinfected Hi5 cells is due to phosphorylation. To determine whether HsDbf4 could also activate HsCdc7 in mammalian cells, (Myc)6–HsCdc7 ...
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... autoproteolytic processing of C-8, is inhibited by FLICEinhibitory proteins (FLIPs; 4, 5). FLIPs structurally resemble caspases, but lack proteolytic activity. Both known isoforms of cellular FLIP (c-FLIP), c-FLIP long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIP short (c-FLIPS), can be incorporated into the DISC and assoc ...
... autoproteolytic processing of C-8, is inhibited by FLICEinhibitory proteins (FLIPs; 4, 5). FLIPs structurally resemble caspases, but lack proteolytic activity. Both known isoforms of cellular FLIP (c-FLIP), c-FLIP long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIP short (c-FLIPS), can be incorporated into the DISC and assoc ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
... Electrophysiology and solutions. HIT cells were placed in a recording chamber affixed to the stage of an inverted microscope (IMT-2 or IX50; Olympus, Tokyo). The whole-cell patch-clamp technique (29) was used to measure Cl⫺ current, as previously described (5). Cells were voltage-clamped to ⫺65 mV. ...
... Electrophysiology and solutions. HIT cells were placed in a recording chamber affixed to the stage of an inverted microscope (IMT-2 or IX50; Olympus, Tokyo). The whole-cell patch-clamp technique (29) was used to measure Cl⫺ current, as previously described (5). Cells were voltage-clamped to ⫺65 mV. ...
Arabidopsis R-SNARE Proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 Are
... AtCDC48 has been proposed, as AtCDC48 specifically interacts with SYP31 but not with KNOLLE in vitro-binding assay in spite of the colocalization at cell-division plane between SYP31 or AtCDC48 and KNOLLE [17]. To date, only NPSN11, one RSNARE candidate for cell-plate membrane fusion machinery, has ...
... AtCDC48 has been proposed, as AtCDC48 specifically interacts with SYP31 but not with KNOLLE in vitro-binding assay in spite of the colocalization at cell-division plane between SYP31 or AtCDC48 and KNOLLE [17]. To date, only NPSN11, one RSNARE candidate for cell-plate membrane fusion machinery, has ...
Lymphocytic Infiltration and Immune Escape Mechanisms in Human
... response to the tumor. The resulting selective pressure imposed on the tumor facilitates the outgrowth of chordoma cell subpopulations which have developed escape mechanisms. We have used the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen processing machinery (APM) components as a bioma ...
... response to the tumor. The resulting selective pressure imposed on the tumor facilitates the outgrowth of chordoma cell subpopulations which have developed escape mechanisms. We have used the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen processing machinery (APM) components as a bioma ...
Characterization and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic F
... made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase (Fig. 8, c-e). Within the depth of focus these crisscrossed bundles may be either in contact or in close vicinity. These measurements, along the pole to po ...
... made at different levels, i.e., in the interzone and the polar regions, on four to five cells at each stage of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase (Fig. 8, c-e). Within the depth of focus these crisscrossed bundles may be either in contact or in close vicinity. These measurements, along the pole to po ...
Myeloma Terms and Definitions - International Myeloma Foundation
... particular indication, there may be need for additional studies. Phase IV clinical trials may be required by regulatory authorities or may be undertaken by the sponsoring company for a variety of reasons. For example, safety surveillance is designed to detect any rare or long-term side effects over ...
... particular indication, there may be need for additional studies. Phase IV clinical trials may be required by regulatory authorities or may be undertaken by the sponsoring company for a variety of reasons. For example, safety surveillance is designed to detect any rare or long-term side effects over ...
SUSPENSOR DEVELOPMENT IN GAGEA LUTEA (L.) KER GAWL
... Endoreduplication is a form of nuclear polyploidization by which cells gain additional copies of genomic DNA (Joubes and Chevalier, 2000). This process usually occurs in tissues and organs that actively function for only a short period of ontogenetic development (Brodsky and Uryvaeva, 1985). Previou ...
... Endoreduplication is a form of nuclear polyploidization by which cells gain additional copies of genomic DNA (Joubes and Chevalier, 2000). This process usually occurs in tissues and organs that actively function for only a short period of ontogenetic development (Brodsky and Uryvaeva, 1985). Previou ...
Cell Wall
... •New wall materials are deposited immediately outside membrane. •Microfibrils are synthesize by rosettes: cellulose synthase which reside on a cells membrane • As cellulose fibrils are synthesized and grow extracellularly they push up against neighboring cells. Since the neighboring cell can not mov ...
... •New wall materials are deposited immediately outside membrane. •Microfibrils are synthesize by rosettes: cellulose synthase which reside on a cells membrane • As cellulose fibrils are synthesized and grow extracellularly they push up against neighboring cells. Since the neighboring cell can not mov ...
Review Article Oncogene: The Dominant Evil
... transformed into cancerous cells is a complex, multi-step process involving a breakdown in the normal cell cycle. Normally, a somatic cell goes through a growth cycle in which it produces new cells. The two main stages of this cycle are interphase (genetic material in the cell duplicates) and mitosi ...
... transformed into cancerous cells is a complex, multi-step process involving a breakdown in the normal cell cycle. Normally, a somatic cell goes through a growth cycle in which it produces new cells. The two main stages of this cycle are interphase (genetic material in the cell duplicates) and mitosi ...
The Development of the Cnidoblasts of Hydra
... difficulty of sampling comparable areas of the same organ at successive stages of development, often constitute serious obstacles to the electron microscopic study of cell differentiation. Hydra, however, is unusually favorable material for such studies because of its small size, its simple histolog ...
... difficulty of sampling comparable areas of the same organ at successive stages of development, often constitute serious obstacles to the electron microscopic study of cell differentiation. Hydra, however, is unusually favorable material for such studies because of its small size, its simple histolog ...
Minus End-Directed Kinesin-Like Motor Protein
... It has been proposed that formation of the spindle is an expression of self-assembly/organization of the MT cytoskeleton, regulated by MT motor proteins [Mitchison, 1992; Hyman and Karsenti, 1996]. This concept is supported by numerous in vitro and in vivo observations. Under certain conditions, MT ...
... It has been proposed that formation of the spindle is an expression of self-assembly/organization of the MT cytoskeleton, regulated by MT motor proteins [Mitchison, 1992; Hyman and Karsenti, 1996]. This concept is supported by numerous in vitro and in vivo observations. Under certain conditions, MT ...
Lyt-23+ CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-SENSITIVE T CELLS REGULATE
... where Ve is the elution volume for the protein, Vo is the column void volume determined from the elution volume of blue dextran 2000 . Using semi-logarithmic graph paper, the Ka~ value for each protein was plotted (linear scale) against the corresponding molecular weight (logarithmic scale) . 1 ml o ...
... where Ve is the elution volume for the protein, Vo is the column void volume determined from the elution volume of blue dextran 2000 . Using semi-logarithmic graph paper, the Ka~ value for each protein was plotted (linear scale) against the corresponding molecular weight (logarithmic scale) . 1 ml o ...
Concepts of Biology
... Cell Theory The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those used in the 1600s by Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses. Despite the limitations of his now-ancient lenses, van Leeuwenhoek observed the movements of protists (a type of single-cel ...
... Cell Theory The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those used in the 1600s by Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses. Despite the limitations of his now-ancient lenses, van Leeuwenhoek observed the movements of protists (a type of single-cel ...
Cellartis® iPS Cell to Hepatocyte Differentiation System
... The Cellartis iPS Cell to Hepatocyte Differentiation System is a complete system for differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to hepatocytes via definitive endoderm (DE). This kit includes the Cellartis DEF-CS™ Culture System for expansion of undifferentiated iPS cells, the Cell ...
... The Cellartis iPS Cell to Hepatocyte Differentiation System is a complete system for differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to hepatocytes via definitive endoderm (DE). This kit includes the Cellartis DEF-CS™ Culture System for expansion of undifferentiated iPS cells, the Cell ...
The ARP2/3 complex: giving plant cells a leading edge
... exocyst or a cell wall, as occurs in many fungi and plant cells, it loses both its flexibility of form as well as the capacity for locomotion. Walled cells, therefore, unless equipped with special locomotor organs, can only grow towards or away from a stimulus. Animal cell locomotion and growth-depe ...
... exocyst or a cell wall, as occurs in many fungi and plant cells, it loses both its flexibility of form as well as the capacity for locomotion. Walled cells, therefore, unless equipped with special locomotor organs, can only grow towards or away from a stimulus. Animal cell locomotion and growth-depe ...
Pancreas dorsal lobe agenesis and abnormal islets
... of exon 3 of Hlxb9. The structure of the wild-type and targeted Hlxb9 loci is shown. b, Comparison of wild-type and Hlxb9–/– E18.5 embryos. Genotypes are indicated above the photograph. c, H&E stain of transverse sections of wild-type and Hlxb9–/– E12.5 and E18.5 embryos. The dorsal and ventral lobe ...
... of exon 3 of Hlxb9. The structure of the wild-type and targeted Hlxb9 loci is shown. b, Comparison of wild-type and Hlxb9–/– E18.5 embryos. Genotypes are indicated above the photograph. c, H&E stain of transverse sections of wild-type and Hlxb9–/– E12.5 and E18.5 embryos. The dorsal and ventral lobe ...
Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining
... Several models have been proposed that describe indentation experiments at different scales. A mathematical model that is often used to interpret data from AFM experiments is the Hertz model (Lin et al., 2007). This assumes that indentations are small enough to only probe elastic properties of the ...
... Several models have been proposed that describe indentation experiments at different scales. A mathematical model that is often used to interpret data from AFM experiments is the Hertz model (Lin et al., 2007). This assumes that indentations are small enough to only probe elastic properties of the ...
Infection of cells by Sindbis virus at low
... of these differences these proteins are referred to as Type I (Flu) and Type II (Alphavirus) fusion proteins. Type I fusion proteins are found in a wide variety of unrelated virus families (Eckert and Kim, 2001). Type II fusion proteins are found only in the insect vectored Alpha and Flaviviruses. T ...
... of these differences these proteins are referred to as Type I (Flu) and Type II (Alphavirus) fusion proteins. Type I fusion proteins are found in a wide variety of unrelated virus families (Eckert and Kim, 2001). Type II fusion proteins are found only in the insect vectored Alpha and Flaviviruses. T ...
Cell wall-cytoplasm signalling
... The bud 8 and bud 9 sequences predict transmembrane proteins with a 450–500 amino acid extracellular domain and a short intracellular domain (Chant 1999). It can be expected that the two proteins perform their function first of all in controlling the budding site, but their large extracellular domai ...
... The bud 8 and bud 9 sequences predict transmembrane proteins with a 450–500 amino acid extracellular domain and a short intracellular domain (Chant 1999). It can be expected that the two proteins perform their function first of all in controlling the budding site, but their large extracellular domai ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.